Transcript
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Politics Of The Roaring 20’sPolitics Of The Roaring 20’s
The Red ScareThe Red Scare1919-19201919-1920
Karl MarxKarl Marx
Friedrich EngelsFriedrich Engels
Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin
Soviet FlagSoviet Flag
A. Mitchell Palmer-Attorney A. Mitchell Palmer-Attorney GeneralGeneral
•The Red The Red ScareScare
The Palmer The Palmer RaidsRaids
The Attorney General used the attacks to initiate a widespread clamp-down on radicalism. He brought in the young and ambitious Justice Department lawyer, J. Edgar Hoover, to head a campaign of raids and mass arrests. Later known as the "Palmer raids," the widespread attack on radicals were largely Hoover's operation. He organized raids to be carried out in three different cities on January 2, 1920. Not possessing search or arrest warrants, the enforcers paid no regard to who was and who was not guilty of anything illegal. In the end, mass arrests were made and 249 people were deported including the prominent anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. Hysteria hit an all time high when Palmer announced that there would be an attempted Communist takeover on May 1st, 1920, but when it didn’t happen, the hysteria dissipated.
Emma Goldman and Alexander BerkmanJ. Edgar HooverMitchell Palmer
J. Edgar HooverJ. Edgar Hoover
Palmer House BombingPalmer House Bombing
Sacco and Sacco and VanzettiVanzetti
On April 15, 1920, two men robbed and murdered a paymaster and his guard as they transferred $15,776 from the Slater and Morrill Shoe factory. Three weeks later, in the spirit of the anti-immigrant, anti-communist times, two Italian immigrants and known anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, were accused and arrested for the crime, despite the scant evidence against them. Following a seven-week trial which many considered very unfairly manipulated by Judge Thayer, Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted on circumstantial evidence of capital murder and sentenced to death. Sacco and Vanzetti appealed their convictions and got a lot of support from those who opposed the death penalty and racism, but they lost and were executed in 1927.
Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti
Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
President Harding, Coolidge President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover and Hoover
Republican Philosophy-Republican Philosophy-1920’s1920’s
• Trickle-down theoryTrickle-down theory
• laissez-faire
•Rugged individualism
Secretary of State Secretary of State Charles Evans HughesCharles Evans Hughes
4 Power Treaty4 Power Treaty
• US, GB, France, JapanUS, GB, France, Japan
• Each country would respect each Each country would respect each other possessions in the Pacificother possessions in the Pacific
5 Power Treaty5 Power Treaty
• Same as 4 plus ItalySame as 4 plus Italy
• Freeze navies at 1921 levelsFreeze navies at 1921 levels
9 Power Treaty9 Power Treaty
• Above plus Netherlands, Portugal, Above plus Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium and ChinaBelgium and China
• Keep “open door” in ChinaKeep “open door” in China
• Promise Chinese independencePromise Chinese independence
Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact
• Afghanistan, Finland, Peru, Albania,Afghanistan, Finland, Peru, Albania,• Guatemala, Portugal, Austria, Guatemala, Portugal, Austria,
Hungary,Hungary,• Rumania, Bulgaria, Iceland, Russia,Rumania, Bulgaria, Iceland, Russia,• China, Latvia, Kingdom of the Serbs, China, Latvia, Kingdom of the Serbs,
Cuba, Liberia, Croats and Slovenes, Cuba, Liberia, Croats and Slovenes, Denmark, Lithuania, Siam, Dominican Denmark, Lithuania, Siam, Dominican Republic, Netherlands, Spain, Egypt, Republic, Netherlands, Spain, Egypt, Nicaragua, Sweden, Estonia, Norway, Nicaragua, Sweden, Estonia, Norway, Turkey, Ethiopia, PanamaTurkey, Ethiopia, Panama
Albert FallAlbert Fall
Warren Harding’s FuneralWarren Harding’s Funeral
President Calvin CoolidgePresident Calvin Coolidge
Route 66 “The Mother Route 66 “The Mother Road”Road”
Route 66 “The Mother Route 66 “The Mother Road”Road”
Henry FordHenry Ford
Henry Ford and the Model THenry Ford and the Model T
1920 Model T Ford1920 Model T Ford
Charles Lindbergh “Lucky Charles Lindbergh “Lucky Lindy”Lindy”
Lindbergh’s FlightLindbergh’s Flight
Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart
Chapter 13Chapter 13
The Roaring Life The Roaring Life of the 1920’sof the 1920’s
Rural vs. UrbanRural vs. Urban
• 1920 Census- 51.2 people lived in cities 1920 Census- 51.2 people lived in cities of 2,500 or moreof 2,500 or more
• 1922-1929-more than 2 million people 1922-1929-more than 2 million people moved from farms to the cities each yearmoved from farms to the cities each year
• Rural areas tried to hold on to moral Rural areas tried to hold on to moral values and close social relationshipsvalues and close social relationships
The Urban SceneThe Urban Scene
• Largest citiesLargest cities1.1. New York City(5.6 million)New York City(5.6 million)
2.2. Chicago(3 million)Chicago(3 million)
3.3. Philadelphia(2 million)Philadelphia(2 million)
4.4. 65 other cities had over 100,000 people65 other cities had over 100,000 people
Cities tolerated drinking, gambling and casual Cities tolerated drinking, gambling and casual
dating!!!dating!!!
Cities were far from perfect however.Cities were far from perfect however.
Prohibition “The Noble Prohibition “The Noble Experiment”Experiment”
• 1818thth Amendment(1920-1933) Amendment(1920-1933)– The manufacture, sale and transportation of The manufacture, sale and transportation of
alcoholic beverages was illegalalcoholic beverages was illegal– Supporters believed alcohol brought about Supporters believed alcohol brought about
corruption, crime, wife and child abuse and corruption, crime, wife and child abuse and accidentsaccidents
– Supporters came mostly from rural South and Supporters came mostly from rural South and West(areas with a lot of Protestants)West(areas with a lot of Protestants)
– Anti-Saloon League and Women’s Christian Anti-Saloon League and Women’s Christian Temperence Union led the attack on alcoholTemperence Union led the attack on alcohol
ProhibitionProhibition
• Alcohol was allowed for medicinal Alcohol was allowed for medicinal and religious purposesand religious purposes
• Prescriptions and sacramental wine Prescriptions and sacramental wine orders skyrocketedorders skyrocketed
ProhibitionProhibition
• At first saloons closed and drunkeness At first saloons closed and drunkeness went downwent down
• The Volstead Act created the Prohibition The Volstead Act created the Prohibition Bureau to enforce the lawBureau to enforce the law
• Prohibition failed for three reasons:Prohibition failed for three reasons:1.1. People despised it. Saw it as People despised it. Saw it as
government meddling in people’s livesgovernment meddling in people’s lives2.2. The Prohibition Bureau was The Prohibition Bureau was
underfunded. Had 1,500 people to underfunded. Had 1,500 people to supervise the countrysupervise the country
3.3. Organized crime became commonplaceOrganized crime became commonplace
SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies
• To obtain alcohol illegally, people To obtain alcohol illegally, people went underground to secret bars call went underground to secret bars call speakeasiesspeakeasies(people spoke easily or (people spoke easily or quietly about it)quietly about it)
• Speakeasies could be anywhereSpeakeasies could be anywhere
• To be admitted a card or password To be admitted a card or password had to be givenhad to be given
Bootlegging in the 1920'sBootlegging in the 1920's
• Illegally making or distributing alcoholIllegally making or distributing alcohol
• BootleggersBootleggers
- people that made or transported - people that made or transported alcohol alcohol – Named because people carried liquor in Named because people carried liquor in
the legs of bootsthe legs of boots– Most imported alcohol came in from Most imported alcohol came in from
Canada, Cuba or the West IndiesCanada, Cuba or the West Indies
BootleggingBootlegging
Organized CrimeOrganized Crime
• Came about as a result of ProhibitionCame about as a result of Prohibition• Every major city had it’s gangEvery major city had it’s gang• Al Capone’s bootlegging business in Al Capone’s bootlegging business in
Chicago made over $60 million a yearChicago made over $60 million a year• Due to gang violence, only 19% of Due to gang violence, only 19% of
Americans supported Prohibition by Americans supported Prohibition by 19251925
• Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by the Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by the 2121stst Amendment Amendment
Al Capone-ScarfaceAl Capone-Scarface
St. Valentine’s Day St. Valentine’s Day MassacreMassacre
Tommy GunTommy Gun
Taken down by Tax EvasionTaken down by Tax Evasion
Science vs ReligionScience vs Religion
• There was a struggle between the There was a struggle between the modern scientific people and the modern scientific people and the Christian fundamentalistsChristian fundamentalists
• Fundamentalists believed everything Fundamentalists believed everything could be explained by the Biblecould be explained by the Bible
• They disagreed with the theory of They disagreed with the theory of evolution especiallyevolution especially
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin
The Scopes Monkey TrialThe Scopes Monkey Trial
• In 1925, Tennessee passed the first In 1925, Tennessee passed the first law making it illegal to teach law making it illegal to teach evolution in schoolevolution in school
• The American Civil Liberties The American Civil Liberties Union(ACLU) said it would defend any Union(ACLU) said it would defend any teacher willing to break the lawteacher willing to break the law
• John Scopes, biology teacher from John Scopes, biology teacher from Dayton, accepted.Dayton, accepted.
John ScopesJohn Scopes
Scopes-Monkey TrialScopes-Monkey Trial
• Scopes taught evolution and was arrestedScopes taught evolution and was arrested
• Clarence Darrow was hired by the ACLU Clarence Darrow was hired by the ACLU to defend Scopesto defend Scopes
• William Jennings Bryan was the special William Jennings Bryan was the special prosecutorprosecutor
• Scopes did not deny teaching evolutionScopes did not deny teaching evolution
• Trial was really about evolution in schoolsTrial was really about evolution in schools
Clarence DarrowClarence Darrow
William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan
Scopes Monkey TrialScopes Monkey Trial
• Darrow called Bryan to the stand and Darrow called Bryan to the stand and asked him questions about the Bibleasked him questions about the Bible
• Darrow made Bryan look foolishDarrow made Bryan look foolish
• In the end, Scopes was found guilty In the end, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100and fined $100
The FlapperThe Flapper
Flagpole Sitting-Alvin KellyFlagpole Sitting-Alvin Kelly
Oxford BagsOxford Bags
Greta GarboGreta Garbo
Clara BoClara Bo
Mary PickfordMary Pickford
Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin
Douglass FairbanksDouglass Fairbanks
Rudolph ValentinoRudolph Valentino
Al Jolson in The Jazz SingerAl Jolson in The Jazz Singer
The Marx BrothersThe Marx Brothers
Harry HoudiniHarry Houdini
Babe RuthBabe Ruth
Jack DempseyJack Dempsey
Gene TunneyGene Tunney
Bobby JonesBobby Jones
Bill TildenBill Tilden
Red GrangeRed Grange
F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald
W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois
James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson
Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey
Harlem RenaissanceHarlem RenaissanceLois M. JonesLois M. Jones
William JohnsonWilliam Johnson
Palmer HaydenPalmer Hayden
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong
The Cotton ClubThe Cotton Club
Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington
Cab CallowayCab Calloway
Bessie SmithBessie Smith