RF and Protection Devices BGS15AN16 Application Note AN230 ...
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RF and Protect ion Devices
BGS15AN16
Appl icat ion Note AN230 Revision: Rev. 1.0
2011-02-15
Performance of SP5T Antenna Switch
WCDMA Diversi ty Appl icat ions
Edition 2011-06-09
Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany
© 2011 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE.
Information
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Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
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BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 3 / 22
Application Note AN230
Revision History: 2011-02-15
Previous Revision: prev. Rev. x.x
Page Subjects (major changes since last revision)
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Last Trademarks Update 2009 10 19
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
List of Content, Figures and Tables
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 4 / 22
Table of Content
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2 BGS15AN16 Features ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Main Features ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Functional Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Pin Configuration .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Pin Description ..................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Application .......................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Application Example ............................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Application Board ................................................................................................................................. 8
4 Small Signal Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Measurement Results ........................................................................................................................ 10
5 Intermodulation ................................................................................................................................ 14
6 Harmonic Generation ....................................................................................................................... 16
7 Power Compression Measurements on All RF Paths .................................................................. 18
Appendix: Switch Controller Unit ...................................................................................................................... 19
Author ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
List of Figures
Figure 1 BGS15AN16 Functional Diagram ........................................................................................................ 6 Figure 2 Pin configuration................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3 Application multiband transceiver with antenna diversity switch ......................................................... 8 Figure 4 Circuit diagram of BGS15AN16 application board ............................................................................... 9 Figure 5 Layout of the application board ............................................................................................................ 9 Figure 6 PCB layer information ........................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 7 Forward transmission curves for all RF parts .................................................................................... 11 Figure 8 Return loss for all RF path ................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 9 Block diagram of RF Switch intermodulation ..................................................................................... 14 Figure 10 Test set-up for IMD Measurements .................................................................................................... 15 Figure 11 IMD2 and IMD3 results for Band I ...................................................................................................... 15 Figure 12 Set-up for harmonics measurement ................................................................................................... 16 Figure 13 2
nd harmonic at fc=830 MHz ............................................................................................................... 17
Figure 14 3rd
harmonic at fc=830 MHz ................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 15 Power Compression Measurement Results at fc=830 MHz ............................................................... 18 Figure 16 Switch Controller Unit Board .............................................................................................................. 19
List of Tables
Table 1 Pin Description (top view) .................................................................................................................... 7 Table 2 BGS15 Antenna to Port Isolation (in dB) ........................................................................................... 12 Table 3 BGS15 Port to Port Isolation (in dB) .................................................................................................. 13 Table 4 Test Conditions and specifications of IMD Measurements ................................................................ 14 Table 5 Seeting Display of Active RF Path ..................................................................................................... 20
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Introduction
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 5 / 22
1 Introduction
The BGS15AN16 is a generic SP5T RF CMOS switch for applications in the frequency range from 0.1 to 3GHz
with standard GPIO control. It typically is used in mobile cellular devices for WCDMA and GSM/ EDGE receive-
diversity as described in this application note. Any of the 5 ports
can be used as termination of the diversity antenna handling up to 30 dBm.
This SP5T offers low insertion loss and high robustness against interferer signals at the antenna port and low
harmonic generation in termination mode.
An integrated LDO allows to connect Vdd directly to battery, hence no regulated supply voltage is required. A
power down mode is implemented to avoid current drain when the device is not in use.
The on-chip GPIO controller integrates CMOS logic and level shifters, driven by control inputs from 1.5 V to
Vdd. Unlike GaAs technology, external DC blocking capacitors at the RF Ports are only required if DC voltage is
applied externally.
The BGS15AN16 RF Switch is manufactured in Infineon’s patented MOS technology, offering the performance
of GaAs with the economy and integration of conventional CMOS including the inherent higher ESD robustness.
The device has a very small size of only 2.3 x 2.3 mm² and a maximum height of 0.77 mm.
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
BGS15AN16 Features
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 6 / 22
2 BGS15AN16 Features
2.1 Main Features
• 5 high-linearity Rx ports with power handling capability of up to 30 dBm
• All ports fully symmetrical
• No external decoupling components required
• High ESD robustness up to 8kV according IEC-61000-4-2 with external coil.
• Low harmonic generation
• Low insertion loss
• High port-to-port-isolation
• 0.1 to 3.0 GHz coverage
• Direct connect to battery
• Power down mode
• On-chip control logic supporting logic levels from 1.5 V to Vdd
• Lead and halogen free package (RoHS and WEEE compliant)
• Small leadless package TSNP16 with the size of 2.3 x 2.3 mm² and a maximum height of 0.77 mm
2.2 Functional Diagram
BGS15A_Functional_Diagramm.vsd
RF1 RF2
Ant
Vdd Ctrl A
Decoder
+ESD
RF5
Ctrl BGND
RF3 RF4
Ctrl C
Figure 1 BGS15AN16 Functional Diagram
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
BGS15AN16 Features
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 7 / 22
2.3 Pin Configuration
In Figure 2 the pin configuration in top view is given.
BGS15A_Pinout.vsd
91011
DG
ND
AN
T
VD
D
V3
V2
1213
814
715
616
54321
V1
GND
RX5
GND
RX1
GND
RX2
GNDG
ND
RX
3
RX
4
Figure 2 Pin configuration
2.4 Pin Description
Table 1 Pin Description (top view)
Pin NO Name Pin Type Function
1 RX5 RX5 Rx RF port 5
2 RX4 I/O RX RF port 4
3 GND GND Ground
4 RX3 I/O Rx RF port 3
5 GND GND Ground
6 RX2 I/O Rx RF port 2
7 GND GND Ground
8 RX1 I/O Rx RF port 1
9 GND GND Ground
10 ANT I/O Antenna port
11 DGND GND Ground
12 VDD PWR Vdd supply
13 V3 I Control pin3
14 V2 I Control pin2
15 V1 I Control pin1
16 GND GND Ground
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Application
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 8 / 22
3 Application
3.1 Application Example
In Figure 3 one possible application for the BGS15AN16 is shown. The BGS15AN16 is used as a diversity
switch in combination with a multiband UMTS transceiver.
Multimode
RF-Transceiver
UMTS I Rx
UMTS II Rx
UMTS IV Rx
1st Rx-path
Tx-path
1st
antenna
diversity antenna
BGS15A
4-band UMTS transceiver with antenna diversity switch
UMTS VIII Rx
47
Figure 3 Application multiband transceiver with antenna diversity switch
3.2 Application Board
In figure 4 the circuit diagram of the BGS15AN16 is shown. Only one inductor at the antenna input is required.
For ESD protection, and matching a 27nH SMD inductor is placed at the antenna port.
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Application
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 9 / 22
BGS15A_Applic.vsd
91011
DG
ND
AN
T
VD
D
V3
V2
1213
814
715
616
54321
V1
GND
RX5
GND
RX1
GND
RX2
GNDG
ND
RX
3
RX
4
To SPI
controller
VDD
27nH
BGS15AN16
(top view)
Figure 4 Circuit diagram of BGS15AN16 application board
Below is a picture of the evaluation board used for the measurements (Figure 5). The board is designed in the way that all connecting 50 Ohm lines have the same length.
To get correct values for the insertion loss of the BGS15AN16 all influences and losses of the evaluation board, lines and connectors have to be eliminated. Therefore a separate de-embedding board, representing the line length is necessary.
The calibration of the network analyser (NWA) is done in severall steps:
- Perform full calibration the on all NWA ports.
- Attach empty SMA connector at port 2 and perform “open” port extension. Turn port extensions on.
- Connect the “half” de-embedding board (figure 6 left board) between port1 and port2, store this as a
s-parameter (sp2) file.
- Turn all port extention off.
- Load the stored s-parameter file as de-embedding on all used NWA ports
- Switch port extention on
- Check insertion loss with the de-embedding through board (figure 6 right board)
Figure 5 Layout of the application board
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Small Signal Characteristics
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 10 / 22
Figure 6 Layout of de-embedding boards
The construction of the PCB is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 PCB layer information
4 Small Signal Characteristics
The small signal characteristics are measured at 25 °C with a Network analyzer connected to an automatic
multiport switch box.
4.1 Measurement Results
In the following tables and graphs the most important RF parameter of the BGS15AN16 are shown. The
markers are set to the most important frequencies of the WDCDMA system.
Copper
35µm
Rodgers , 0.2mm
FR4, 0.8mm
Vias
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Small Signal Characteristics
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 11 / 22
300 1300 2300 3300 4300 5300 6300 7300 8000
Frequency (MHz)
Forward Transmission Rx Ports_2
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
[dB
]
2170 MHz-0.5589 dB
1910 MHz-0.4854 dB
1710 MHz-0.4521 dB
915 MHz-0.3923 dB
824 MHz-0.4043 dB
RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 RX5
Figure 8 Forward transmission curves for all RF parts
300 3300 6300 8500
Frequency (MHz)
Reflection ANT- RX Port
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
[dB
] 2170 MHz-14.98 dB824 MHz
-23.16 dB
RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 RX5
Figure 9 Return loss for all RF path
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Small Signal Characteristics
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 12 / 22
In Table 2 the isolation values antenna to the different RF ports are given.
Table 2 BGS15 antenna to port isolation (in dB)
Freq
(MHz)
Ant > RX1 An t> Rx2 Ant > Rx3 Ant > Rx4 Ant > TM5
Rx1 824
41.4 42.2 43.5 43.6
915 40.4 41 42.5 42.5
1710 34.2 32.7 35.3 35.2
1970 32.9 31 33.7 33.7
2170 31.5 29 31.9 32
Rx2 824 40.3
36.3 42.6 44.1
915 39.8 35.2 41.5 43
1710 32 28 34.5 35.6
1970 30.3 26.6 33 34.1
2170 28.7 25.3 31.5 32.6
Rx3 824 42.3 49.8
40.3 46
915 41.2 48.5 39.2 44.8
1710 33 38.5 32.3 36.7
1970 31.2 36.4 30.8 35.1
2170 29.6 34 29.4 33.3
Rx4 824 43.1 50 45.7
42.8
915 42 48.9 44.1 41.7
1710 33.8 41.8 33.7 33.1
1970 31.9 40 31.7 31.2
2170 30.1 37.8 29.5 29.3
TM5 824 43.3 49.1 44.9 41.6
915 42.2 48 43.4 40.6
1710 33.6 41 33.8 32.1
1970 31.7 39.2 31.8 30.1
2170 30 37.1 29.7 28.1
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Small Signal Characteristics
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 13 / 22
The values for the port to port isolation are given in Table 3
Table 3 BGS15 port to port isolation (in dB)
Freq
(MHz)
Ant > RX1 Ant > Rx2 Ant > Rx3 Ant > Rx4 Ant > TM5
Rx1 824
50.2 44.4 44.9 44.3
915 49.1 43 43.7 43.2
1710 44.3 34.9 36.9 36.3
1970 42.7 32.9 35.1 34.5
2170 40.5 30.3 32.9 32.2
Rx2 824 33.5
49 46.2 43.8
915 32.3 47.6 45 42.6
1710 26.1 37.6 38.3 35.8
1970 24.7 35.2 36.5 34.1
2170 23.2 32.5 34.2 32
Rx3 824 34.3 36.7
50.3 42
915 33.1 35.5 49.1 40.8
1710 26.8 29.3 41.6 34.2
1970 25.4 27.9 39.3 32.5
2170 23.8 26.2 36.6 30.6
Rx4 824 41.2 39.6 34.6
33.6
915 40 38.4 33.4 32.4
1710 34 30.6 27.1 26.1
1970 32.6 29 25.7 24.6
2170 30.9 27 24.1 23.1
TM5 824 41.7 41.1 33.3 34.7
915 40.5 39.8 32.1 33.5
1710 34.4 32.2 25.7 27.1
1970 33 30.4 24.3 25.7
2170 31.3 28.2 22.5 24.1
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Intermodulation
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 14 / 22
5 Intermodulation
Another very important parameter of a RF switch is the large signal capability. One of the possible
intermodulation scenarios is shown in Figure 10Figure 9. The transmission (Tx) signal from the main antenna is
coupled into the diversity antenna with with high power.This signal (20 dBm) and a received Jammer signal (-15
dBm) are entering the switch.
RF Switch
Diversity
Antenna
Receiver
Coupled Tx
Signal from
main antenna
Jammer
(CW)
IMD
Figure 10 Block diagram of RF Switch intermodulation
Special combinations of TX and Jammer signal are producing intermodulation products 2nd
and 3rd order, which
fall in the RX band and disturb the wanted RX signal.
In Table 4 frequencies for 3 bands and the linearity specifications for an undisturbed communication are given.
Table 4 Test conditions and specifications of IMD measurements
Test Conditions
(Tx = +20dBm, Bl = -15dBm,freq.in MHz,@25°C)
Linearity Specification
Band Tx Freq. Rx Freq. IMD2 Low Jammer 1
IMD3 Jammer 2
IMD2 High Jammer 3
IM2 (dBm)
IIP2 (dBm)
IM3 (dBm)
IIP3 (dBm)
850 836.5 881.5 45 791.5 1718 -105 110 -105 65
1900 1880 1960 80 1800 3840 -105 110 -105 65
2100 1950 2140 190 1760 4090 -105 110 -105 65
The test setup for the IMD measurements has to provide a very high isolation between RX and TX signals. As
an example the test set-up and the results for the high band are shown (Figure 11 and Figure 12).
For the RX / TX separation a professional duplexer with 80 dB isolation is used.
In Figure 12 the results for High band are given. For each distortion scenario there is a min and a max value
given. This variation is caused by a phase shifter connected between switch and duplexer. In the test set-up the
phase shifter represents a no ideal matching of the switch to 50 Ohm.
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Intermodulation
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 15 / 22
Mini Circuits
(ZHL-30W-252 -S+)
Load
Signal Generator
Power Amplifier
Circulator
-20dB
Signal Analyzer
-3 dB
-3dB
Duplexer
Tx
Rx
ANTPhase Shifter /
Delay Line
Signal Generator
DUT -20dB
Tunable Bandpass Filter
K & L
Power reference planePTx = +20 dBm
PBl = -15 dBm
TRx ANT
K & L
Tunable Bandpass
Filter
K & L
Tunable
Bandpass Filter
Figure 11 Test set-up for IMD Measurements
IMD Band 1
-145
-140
-135
-130
-125
-120
-115
-110
-105
-100
Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4 Rx5
IMD
[dB
m]
190 MHz IMD2 low min
190 MHz IMD2 low max
1760 MHz IMD3 min
1760 MHz IMD3 max
4090 MHz IMD2 high min
4090 MHz IMD2 high max
Figure 12 IMD2 and IMD3 results for Band I
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Harmonic Generation
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 16 / 22
6 Harmonic Generation
Harmonic generation is another important parameter for the characterization of a RF switch. RF switches have
to deal with high RF levels, up to 33 dBm. With this high RF power at the input of the switch harmonics are
generated. This harmonics (2nd
and 3rd
) can disturb the other reception bands or cause distortion in other RF
applications (GPS, WLan) within the mobile phone.
Lo
ad
Signal
Generator
Power
AmplifierCirculator
Tunable
Bandpass
Filter
-20dB
Directional
Coupler
Directional
CouplerTunable
Bandstop
Filter
Signal
Analyzer
-3dB
K & L
Power meter
Agilent
E4419B
A
B
-20dB
-20dB
DUTTxANT
Figure 13 Set-up for harmonics measurement
The results for the harmonic generation at 830 MHZ are shown in Figure 14 (2nd
harmonic) and Figure 15 (3rd
harmonic) for all RF ports.
At the x-axis the input power is plotted and at the y- axis the generated harmonics in dBm.
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Harmonic Generation
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 17 / 22
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Pin [dBm]
2nd Harmonics
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
[dB
m]
PlotCol(1,5)Harmonics RF1
PlotCol(1,5)Harmonics RF2
PlotCol(1,5)Harmonics RF3
PlotCol(1,5)Harmonics RF4
PlotCol(1,5)Harmonics RF5
Figure 14 2nd
harmonic at fc=830 MHz
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Pin [dBm]
3rd Harmonics
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
[dB
m]
PlotCol(1,6)Harmonics RF1
PlotCol(1,6)Harmonics RF2
PlotCol(1,6)Harmonics RF3
PlotCol(1,6)Harmonics RF4
PlotCol(1,6)Harmonics RF5
Figure 15 3rd
harmonic at fc=830 MHz
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Power Compression Measurements on all RF Paths
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 18 / 22
7 Power Compression Measurements on all RF Paths
To judge the large signal capability the power compression is a usual measurement tool. The input power is
increase and at the output the power is measured. At a certain point the output power could not follow the input
and the switch compresses the RF signal. In the diagram below (Figure 16) the IL is plotted versus the injected
input power. The input power can be increased to 30 dBm and there is no compression visible on none of the
RF ports.
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Pin [dBm]
Compression Measurement
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Inse
rtio
n L
oss [
dB
m]
RF1 RF2 RF3 RF4 RF5
Figure 16 Power Compression Measurement Results at fc=830 MHz
The measurements are done on Large Signal measurement setup which is not calibrated for Insertion Loss with
high precision. So the values here may differ with the actual IL values earlier in this report.
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Appendix: Switch Controller Unit
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 19 / 22
Appendix: Switch Controller Unit
The BGS15AN16 is controlled via GPIO interface and Infineon offers a GPIO controller unit to ease the
evaluation of its BGS15AN16 on application board. The unit is very simple to use with a few buttons to select
the right device and different states.
This section helps as a short user guide for the controller unit shown in Figure 17. The controller unit requires a
DC supply of 5.5V with a current capability of 50mA.
P3
P2
P1
to BGS15AN16
G V G
N C N
D C D
GND GND
GND GND
Vcc NC
LVdd V3
V1 V2
Figure 17 Switch Controller Unit Board
Please observe the following steps to use the controller unit:
1. Step1: Attach the power supply and “OK” appears on the display.
2. Step2: Set the control mode:
a. Press and hold “P1” and “P3” simultaneously until “15” appears on the display
b. “P2” can be used to set the Vdd to the switch between 1.8V, 3.5V (default) and 4.0V
c. To use 4V, please connect to 6V power supply instead of 5.5V
d. “15” addresses BGS15AN16 device
3. Step3: Connect the control unit to the switch with an appropriate cable according to the connector pin
out shown in Figure 17.
4. Step4: Set the switch state to measure using “P1” and “P3”. The active paths corresponding to the state
displayed are tabulated in Table 5.
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 20 / 22
Table 5 Display of Active RF Path
Display Active RF Path
R1 ANT – Rx1
R2 ANT – Rx2
R3 ANT – Rx3
R4 ANT – Rx4
TM ANT – Rx5
DS Switch Stand-by (Power Down)
BGS15AN16 WCDMA Diversity Applications
Author
Application Note AN230, Rev. 1.0 2011-02-15 21 / 22
Author
Ralph Kuhn, Senior Staff Application Engineer of the Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”
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