Transcript
TheRESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• Breathing is the movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases.–Air entering the lungs contains oxygen–Blood carries oxygen to the cells; oxygen
delivered to the cells is used to release energy
– This process is called cellular respiration
• Carbon dioxide and water molecules are waste products of cellular respiration
• Exhaling eliminates carbon dioxide and water molecules
• The respiratory system is made up of structures that move oxygen into the body and move waste out
• Air enters your body through either your nostrils or your mouth
• Air passes through the nasal cavity and is filtered with the help of cilia, tiny hairlike structures
• The pharynx is a passageway that ends with a flap of tissue called the epiglottis
• The epiglottis prevents food or liquid from entering the airway
• The larynx is the airway attached to the vocal chords
• From the larynx, air moves to a tube called the trachea
• The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi
• The bronchi are two short tubes that carry air directly into the lungs
• Once in the lungs, bronchi branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles
• Alveoli are clusters of tiny sacs at the ends of the bronchioles
• The lungs are masses of alveoli which work with the heart to remove carbon dioxide from the blood and provide it with oxygen
• The diaphragm is a muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and releases to move gases in and out of the lungs
• Smoking is the most destructive habit a person can have. Many diseases and disorders of the respiratory system, as well as other body systems, are caused or aggravated by smoking.
• The chemicals in cigarettes are poisonous and destroy healthy cells
• Bronchitis occurs when bronchial tubes become irritated and swell, producing too much mucus.
• When it does not clear up in a matter of weeks, it is called chronic bronchitis
• Emphysema – alveoli in the lungs become enlarged; as a result, the alveoli cannot push air out of the lungs, so less oxygen can move into the bloodstream
• Asthma – bronchial tubes contract too quickly. Asthma is often caused by an allergic reaction.
• Symptoms of asthma include shortness ofbreath, wheezing and coughing
• Lung cancer – when carcinogens in cigarette smoke (and other sources) enter the lungs, they can cause uncontrolled cell growth.
• This is lung cancer, which can spread to other organs of the body
• Lung cancer is the third leading cause of death in the United States
Carcinogens are poisons!
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