Respiration

Respiration

LO:

• State the uses of energy in the body of humans: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature

• State that respiration involves the action of enzymes in cells

LO:• Define aerobic respiration as the chemical reactions

in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

• State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration as

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2 O• Investigate the uptake of oxygen by respiring

organisms, such as arthropods and germinating seeds• Investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of

respiration of germinating seeds

LO:

• Define anaerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen

• State the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in the microorganism yeast as C6 H12 O6 → 2C2 H5 OH + 2CO2

• State that anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration

LO:

• State that lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt

• Outline how the oxygen debt is removed during recovery

LO: define the term respiration

RESPIRATION• the set of chemical reactions that break down

nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

• Definition: respiration is the release of energy from food substances, and goes on in all living cells

• respiration involves the action of enzymes in cells

Energy= capacity for doing work- Needed for life- Source of energy = sun- Energy conversions:

- First conversion = photosynthesis- Second conversion = respiration

LO: State the uses of energy in the body of humans

THE USE OF ENERGY• Growth (proteosynthesis) – protein synthesis• Maintenance of a constant body temperature• Active transport• Cell division• Movement – muscle contraction• The passage of nerve impulses

LO: Know the form of energy found in human body

ATPAdenosine triphosphate• Small packet of energy which can drive the

reactions in a cell• Short-term store of energy

LO: Define aerobic respiration ;State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• the release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen

• chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

• Takes place in mitochondria• Some energy is lost as heat

LO: Define anaerobic respiration; state the word equation

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION• the release of a relatively small amount of energy by the

breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen

Word equation:• in muscles during hard exercise

glucose → lactic acid

• microorganism yeast glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

LO: State the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in the microorganism yeast as

• balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in the microorganism yeast

C6 H12 O6 → 2C2 H5 OH + 2CO2

• Glucose alcohol and carbon dioxide

• Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration!!!

LO: State that lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt

OXYGEN DEBT

• Lactic acid produced by muscles during anaerobic respiration is carried out of the muscles in the blood

• It is transported to the heart, liver and kidneys and is oxydated to pyruvate

• Heart, liver and kidneys need extra oxygen to get rid of the lactic acid, provided by the deep fast breathing that follows hard exercise

• HOMEWORK:• Pages 52-53 Describe the role of anaerobic

respiration in yeast during brewing and bread-making.