Renewable Fuels · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department
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Renewable Fuels
5th Annual Green Technologies Conference
IEEEIEEE Ch IEEEIEEE H lHelena LL Chum
April 5April 5th 2013 2013
NREL is a national laboratory of the US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC
Outline
bull Renewable FuelsRenewable Fuels bull Biomass and Bioenergy Today C di i i i i d l ibull Commoditization existingdeveloping
bull Sustainabilityy Considerations to Impprove Agriculture and Forestry and integrate bioenergygy
bull Lignocellulosic Biofuels Integrated Systems Research at DOErsquos Laboratories and partners Research at DOE s Laboratories and partners
bull Global Considerations
2
velop
Renewable Fuels De
Aquatic Biomass
ping Tech Macroalgae nologies Early stage
RampDH O2
Aquatic
H2
Lignocellulose
C b iCyanobacteria
Commercial Food bullEthanol
Short Rotation Crop residues Crops bullBiodiesel Microalgae Grasses Woody Biomass and MSW bullBiomethane
3
Traditional Biomass 61
Modern Biomass 41
The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels
Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61
Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41
2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply
2008 El t i it h
2008 Heat Demand
All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17
cooking stovesheating
bull Modern biomass 8 district heating
bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2
4
2008 Electricity shares
Globa
l PPrimary EEn
ergy
Supp
ply [EJyyr]
Resource Potentials
5
6 6
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Outline
bull Renewable FuelsRenewable Fuels bull Biomass and Bioenergy Today C di i i i i d l ibull Commoditization existingdeveloping
bull Sustainabilityy Considerations to Impprove Agriculture and Forestry and integrate bioenergygy
bull Lignocellulosic Biofuels Integrated Systems Research at DOErsquos Laboratories and partners Research at DOE s Laboratories and partners
bull Global Considerations
2
velop
Renewable Fuels De
Aquatic Biomass
ping Tech Macroalgae nologies Early stage
RampDH O2
Aquatic
H2
Lignocellulose
C b iCyanobacteria
Commercial Food bullEthanol
Short Rotation Crop residues Crops bullBiodiesel Microalgae Grasses Woody Biomass and MSW bullBiomethane
3
Traditional Biomass 61
Modern Biomass 41
The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels
Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61
Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41
2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply
2008 El t i it h
2008 Heat Demand
All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17
cooking stovesheating
bull Modern biomass 8 district heating
bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2
4
2008 Electricity shares
Globa
l PPrimary EEn
ergy
Supp
ply [EJyyr]
Resource Potentials
5
6 6
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
velop
Renewable Fuels De
Aquatic Biomass
ping Tech Macroalgae nologies Early stage
RampDH O2
Aquatic
H2
Lignocellulose
C b iCyanobacteria
Commercial Food bullEthanol
Short Rotation Crop residues Crops bullBiodiesel Microalgae Grasses Woody Biomass and MSW bullBiomethane
3
Traditional Biomass 61
Modern Biomass 41
The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels
Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61
Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41
2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply
2008 El t i it h
2008 Heat Demand
All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17
cooking stovesheating
bull Modern biomass 8 district heating
bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2
4
2008 Electricity shares
Globa
l PPrimary EEn
ergy
Supp
ply [EJyyr]
Resource Potentials
5
6 6
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Traditional Biomass 61
Modern Biomass 41
The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels
Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61
Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41
2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply
2008 El t i it h
2008 Heat Demand
All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17
cooking stovesheating
bull Modern biomass 8 district heating
bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2
4
2008 Electricity shares
Globa
l PPrimary EEn
ergy
Supp
ply [EJyyr]
Resource Potentials
5
6 6
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Globa
l PPrimary EEn
ergy
Supp
ply [EJyyr]
Resource Potentials
5
6 6
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
6 6
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Bioenergy
Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total
7
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter
CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC
EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC
Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr
9
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
ancial
l from
barrel
BR Weather High sugar
market prices Global fin
acollapse
oil
$60 to
$130
$
10
h
US
P tha U
S Drough
high
corn pr
Prod
uctio
nan
10
gas
ht
rices
higher
oline
Commoditization of Biofuels
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
4
Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover
nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields
bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture
Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )
EtOH Production
41787
87
34 22 18
(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield
N Fertilizer Plant
Corn Farming
Other Chemicals
245
89 Other Chemicals
Corn Transportation
EtOH Transportation
Farming Machinery
Nitrate recovery
cornWoody biomass
ProductionSource GREET
Algal blooms from excess nutrients
corn
13
Source USEPA
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus
Native grasses
Woody biomass
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Fairbury IL
Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field
Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL
YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer
Nitrou
soxide em
ission
ss in
bu
fffer
(kg Nha)
YYields
(tonsha)
5050
40
30
20
10
0
40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0
50
Vegetation in buffer
Switchgrass
Miscanthus
Perennial grasses ground cover
N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER
Vegetation in buffer
Nitrate
leeaching
(kg Nha)
40
30
20
1010
0
NONO3 ‐ LEACHING
0 5 10 15
14
Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Supply Chains Systems and Impacts
Multiple
Feedstocks Products
Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply
15
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
134 b
How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost
43 bgy43 bgy
134 bgy 23 bgy
wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy
2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022
2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US
bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass
d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply
Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
19
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
ca ot ate t e
f
Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials
rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising
King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of
t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo
( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
22
22
Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
U S DoD
US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio
USDA Civilian
US DoD NAVY
USDA p fo
res
ent
ergy
crop
elop
men
t
y logistics
nd re
sidu
e
rsion
ns more
tsvelopm
e
and taxhellip
a En
deve
b Sup
ply
crop
s an
c Con
ver
optio
n
Two or
mprod
uct
ology Dev
uct d
ema
nty
RFS2
d
Techno
e Prod
uncertain
Market SuretySurety
Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
2424
Hydrocarbons
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
25
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators
bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems
bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues
bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues
26
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Web sites and Resources
bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf
httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml
h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf
httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas
httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet
bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de
27
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Acknowledgments
bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff
28
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Exam
ples
ologies ‐ ‐E
ng Techn
oDevelop
inrcial and D
Comme
29
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
30
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf
Economy+Global Level Environment+
Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals
bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)
bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)
bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development
Sustainability Standards for
Forestry Agriculture
Bioenergy
SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t
amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for
31
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes
RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics
1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights
ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions
RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive
32
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
33
Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp
34
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From
MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel
Interm
ediate
Microalgae Macroalgae
Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass
Hydrocarbons
Syngas Methane
Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane
ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)
35
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
36
Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
IEA
Biofuels Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
National Initiatives1 International
Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065
under development
European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)
EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive
Global
FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP
IDB Bi f l
Global Multi‐
stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2
GBEP
US Council on Sustainable Biomass
Schemes2
Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass
Production (CSBP)
R d bl S i bl
Bioethanol verification programme)
2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy
Transport Regulation
IDB Biofuels Sustainability
Balanced Scorecard
UK Low Carbon
Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable
F l S d d
2012 IFC Sustainability Framework
Regulation
California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable
Vehicle Partnership
Fuels
Sustainable Ethanol
German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for
BonSucro (Better Sugarcane
Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
Sustainability Requirements
(Better Sugarcane Initiative)
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)
Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)
NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )
Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813
1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations
National sub‐ or supra‐national governments
multilateral financing banks KEYS
Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country
originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application
37
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
bull
ndash
GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007
o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)
bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC
reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050
ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060
EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards
bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel
38
- Cover Page
- Outline
- Renewable Fuels
- Resource Potentials
- Bioenergy
- US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
- Commoditization of Biofuels
- Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
- Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
- Biomass Value Chain
- Contributers
- Web sites and Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Complex set of options
- Global Level
- DNV sustainability services
- Biofuel supply chain
- Photosynthetic Microorganizms
- Routes to Algal Biofuels
- GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
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