Renaissance REBIRTH OF CULTURE AND PASSION. Renaissance REBIRTH OF GREEK AND ROMAN IDEALS AND INSIGHTS REBIRTH OF GREEK AND ROMAN IDEALS AND INSIGHTS.

RenaissanceRenaissance

REBIRTH OF CULTURE REBIRTH OF CULTURE AND PASSIONAND PASSION

RenaissanceRenaissance REBIRTH OF GREEK AND REBIRTH OF GREEK AND

ROMAN IDEALS AND ROMAN IDEALS AND INSIGHTSINSIGHTS

STARTS IN ITALY ABOUT 1350 STARTS IN ITALY ABOUT 1350 AND TAKES OFF BY 1450AND TAKES OFF BY 1450

INDIVIDUAL BECAME INDIVIDUAL BECAME VERY IMPORTANTVERY IMPORTANT

HUMANISMHUMANISM Francesco Petrarch: Francesco Petrarch:

Father of HumanismFather of Humanism Humanism is based Humanism is based

in the belief of mans in the belief of mans power to truly power to truly experience and experience and affect lifeaffect life

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLINICCOLO MACHIAVELLI The PrinceThe Prince Fear gains better Fear gains better

results than loveresults than love ““Whatever it takes”Whatever it takes” The end The end

always always justifies the justifies the meansmeans

Based leaders of the Based leaders of the timetime

TIME FOR CHANGETIME FOR CHANGE

ArtArt Writing and LiteratureWriting and Literature ScienceScience EducationEducation CREATIVITY EXPLODESCREATIVITY EXPLODES

GREAT ARTISTSGREAT ARTISTS Sandro BotticelliSandro Botticelli Famous works Famous works

includeinclude Adoration of the Adoration of the

MagiMagi The Birth of The Birth of

VenusVenus

DonatelloDonatello

Mainly religious Mainly religious sculpturessculptures

Famous worksFamous works David in bronzeDavid in bronze Penitent Penitent

MagdaleneMagdalene

Raphael SantiRaphael Santi

Youngest of the three Youngest of the three giants of the giants of the RenaissanceRenaissance

Famous worksFamous works School of AthensSchool of Athens Crucifixion of ChristCrucifixion of Christ St. CatherineSt. Catherine The Sistine MadonnaThe Sistine Madonna

MICHELANGELOMICHELANGELO

CONSIDERED TO CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF THE BE ONE OF THE GREATEST GREATEST ARTIST OF ALL ARTIST OF ALL TIMETIME

FAMOUS WORKS:FAMOUS WORKS: DAVIDDAVID SISTINE CHAPELSISTINE CHAPEL LA PIETALA PIETA

MichelangeloMichelangelo

Leonardo di VinciLeonardo di Vinci

DI VINCI: THE RENAISSANCE DI VINCI: THE RENAISSANCE MANMAN

ArtistArtist MusicianMusician ArchitectArchitect MathematicianMathematician ScientistScientist

InventorInventor Brilliant mind for Brilliant mind for

detailsdetails Famous for art, Famous for art,

science, sculpturescience, sculpture He was truly the He was truly the

greatest of the greatest of the Renaissance Renaissance movementmovement

FAMOUS WORKSFAMOUS WORKS MONA LISAMONA LISA LAST SUPPERLAST SUPPER VITRUVIAN MANVITRUVIAN MAN MADONNA OF THE ROCKS MADONNA OF THE ROCKS VIRGIN OF THE ROCKSVIRGIN OF THE ROCKS

MADONNA OF THE ROCKSMADONNA OF THE ROCKS

VIRGIN OF THE ROCKSVIRGIN OF THE ROCKS

RENAISSANCE LITERATURERENAISSANCE LITERATURE

Dante Alighieri- Dante Alighieri- The Divine Comedy: The Divine Comedy: The tale of his journey from hell to The tale of his journey from hell to heaven (inferno, purgatory, paradise)heaven (inferno, purgatory, paradise)

Father of Modern ItalianFather of Modern Italian Geoffrey Chaucer -Geoffrey Chaucer -Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales This collection standardized the This collection standardized the

modern English Lanuagemodern English Lanuage

DANTE’S 7 DEADLY SINSDANTE’S 7 DEADLY SINS

PRIDEPRIDE ENVYENVY WRATHWRATH GLUTTONYGLUTTONY LUSTLUST AVARICEAVARICE SLOTHSLOTH

The church made a division between sins which were The church made a division between sins which were venialvenial and could be forgiven without the need for the and could be forgiven without the need for the sacrament of Confession and those which were sacrament of Confession and those which were capitalcapital and merited damnation. Capital or Deadly and merited damnation. Capital or Deadly Sins were so called because they could have a fatal Sins were so called because they could have a fatal effect on an individual’s spiritual health. British wall effect on an individual’s spiritual health. British wall paintings stressed the connection between committing paintings stressed the connection between committing the Deadly Sins and ending up in Hell.the Deadly Sins and ending up in Hell.

Pope Gregory the Great (d. 604) described Pope Gregory the Great (d. 604) described Seven Deadly Sins in his Seven Deadly Sins in his Moralia in JobMoralia in Job

WILLIAM SHAKESPEAREWILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

BORN IN 1564BORN IN 1564 PLAYWRITE---POETPLAYWRITE---POET FAMOUS WORKSFAMOUS WORKS

HAMLETHAMLET ROMEO & JULIETROMEO & JULIET MACBETHMACBETH MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAMMIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM OTHELLOOTHELLO

"Good night, sweet prince, and "Good night, sweet prince, and flights of angels sing thee to thy flights of angels sing thee to thy rest"rest"Hamlet, Act v, Sc.2Hamlet, Act v, Sc.2

"To thine own self be true; and it "To thine own self be true; and it must follow, as the night the day, must follow, as the night the day, thou can'st not then be false to thou can'st not then be false to any man"any man"Hamlet, Act i, Sc.3Hamlet, Act i, Sc.3

COUNTLESS WORDS TO THE ENGLISH COUNTLESS WORDS TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: SWAGGER, GLOOMY, LANGUAGE: SWAGGER, GLOOMY, ELBOW, EXCITEMENT, MIMIC, ETC…ELBOW, EXCITEMENT, MIMIC, ETC…

End of the End of the Renaissance Renaissance

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONPROTESTANT REFORMATION COMMON PEOPLE ANGRY WITH COMMON PEOPLE ANGRY WITH

THE CATHOLIC CHURCHTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH

CONCERNED WITH POLITICSCONCERNED WITH POLITICS

MONEY, INDULGENCES, & MONEY, INDULGENCES, & SECULAR ISSUESSECULAR ISSUES

PEOPLE BEGAN TO SEARCH FOR PEOPLE BEGAN TO SEARCH FOR ANSWERS OUTSIDE OF THE ANSWERS OUTSIDE OF THE CHURCHCHURCH

MARTIN LUTHERMARTIN LUTHER

GERMAN MONKGERMAN MONK LEADER OF THE PROTESTANT LEADER OF THE PROTESTANT

REFORMATIONREFORMATION NAILED 95 THESIS (COMPLAINTS) NAILED 95 THESIS (COMPLAINTS)

TO THE DOOR OF THE CATHOLIC TO THE DOOR OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN GERMANYCHURCH IN GERMANY BEGAN THE REFORMATIONBEGAN THE REFORMATION

BELIEVED ALL PEOPLE WERE BELIEVED ALL PEOPLE WERE EQUAL IN FAITH AND IN THE EQUAL IN FAITH AND IN THE EYES OF GODEYES OF GOD

CEREMONIES DO NOT FORGIVE CEREMONIES DO NOT FORGIVE SINS, NOR DOES WEALTHSINS, NOR DOES WEALTH

BIBLE IS THE HIGHEST BIBLE IS THE HIGHEST AUTHORITY AND SHOULD BE AUTHORITY AND SHOULD BE AVAILABLE TO ALLAVAILABLE TO ALL

ALL YOU NEED TO ENTER ALL YOU NEED TO ENTER HEAVEN IS INNER FAITH IN GODHEAVEN IS INNER FAITH IN GOD

RESULTSRESULTS

ABOLISHED CEREMONIES: BAPTISM ABOLISHED CEREMONIES: BAPTISM AND COMMUNION REMAINEDAND COMMUNION REMAINED

TRANSLATED BIBLE TO GERMANTRANSLATED BIBLE TO GERMAN LUTHER WAS EXCOMMUNICATEDLUTHER WAS EXCOMMUNICATED CREATION OF THE PROTESTANT FAITHCREATION OF THE PROTESTANT FAITH MANY NEW CHURCHES SPRANG UP MANY NEW CHURCHES SPRANG UP

AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH’S POWER AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH’S POWER FADEDFADED

CATHOLIC RESPONSECATHOLIC RESPONSE CREATED A MORE SPRITUAL CHURCH CREATED A MORE SPRITUAL CHURCH NO MORE INDULGENCESNO MORE INDULGENCES DISCIPLINED THEIR CLERGYDISCIPLINED THEIR CLERGY **THE INQUISITION****THE INQUISITION** INDEX OF CANON LAWS OF INDEX OF CANON LAWS OF

CATHOLISMCATHOLISMKEPT-CEREMONIES, GRACE KEPT-CEREMONIES, GRACE THROUGH ONLY THE CATHOLIC THROUGH ONLY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, HEAVEN DEPENDS SOLEY CHURCH, HEAVEN DEPENDS SOLEY ON GRACE AND GOOD WORKSON GRACE AND GOOD WORKS

END OF THE END OF THE REFORMATIONREFORMATION

SCIENCTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENCTIFIC REVOLUTION

COPERNICUSCOPERNICUS GALILEOGALILEO FRANCIS BACONFRANCIS BACON RENE DESCARTESRENE DESCARTES ISSAC NEWTONISSAC NEWTON ANTOINE & MARIE LAVOISIERANTOINE & MARIE LAVOISIER

ORIGINS OF THOUGHTORIGINS OF THOUGHT

Men of ScienceMen of Science Copernicus- Copernicus-

geocentric v. geocentric v. heliocentricheliocentric

Kepler- improved Kepler- improved on theories of on theories of CopernicusCopernicus

Isaac Newton- Isaac Newton- Gravity & Gravity & Newtonian PhysicsNewtonian Physics

SIR ISSAC NEWTONSIR ISSAC NEWTON

RENE DESCARTESRENE DESCARTES

APPLIED APPLIED SCIENCTIFIC SCIENCTIFIC METHOD TO METHOD TO PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY

CARTERSIAN CARTERSIAN GEOMETRY GEOMETRY (ALGEBRA+GEOMET(ALGEBRA+GEOMETRY)RY)

““I THINK, I THINK, THEREFORE I THEREFORE I AM”AM”

FRANCIS BACONFRANCIS BACON

APPLICATION OF APPLICATION OF AN AN INTRODUCTION OF INTRODUCTION OF THE SCIENCITIFIC THE SCIENCITIFIC METHODMETHOD

““NOVUM NOVUM ORGANUM” THE ORGANUM” THE NEW TOOL FOR NEW TOOL FOR LEARNINGLEARNING

SCIENCITIFIC ADVANCESSCIENCITIFIC ADVANCES

TelescopeTelescope MicroscopeMicroscope BarometerBarometer Medical AdvancesMedical Advances ThermometerThermometer

Galileo: Galileo: TelescopeTelescope

planets rotate on planets rotate on AxisAxis

all objects fall at all objects fall at the same speedthe same speed

THREATENED THREATENED WITH DEATH WITH DEATH UNLESS HE UNLESS HE REVERTED HIS REVERTED HIS IDEASIDEAS

IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONSIMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS

A. LAVOISIER A. LAVOISIER CONSIDERED THE CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF FATHER OF “MODERN” “MODERN” CHEMSITRYCHEMSITRY

ROBERT BOYLE: ROBERT BOYLE: BOYLE’S BOYLE’S LAW=P1V1 = P2V2 LAW=P1V1 = P2V2 (PRESSURE AND (PRESSURE AND VOLUME)VOLUME)

ROBERT HOOKE: ROBERT HOOKE: THE CELLTHE CELL

EDWARD JENNER; EDWARD JENNER; SMALL POX SMALL POX VACCINEVACCINE

WILLIAM HARVEY: WILLIAM HARVEY: BLOOD BLOOD CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

LOUIS PASTUER: LOUIS PASTUER: PASTUERIZATIONPASTUERIZATION

CHANGE FROM WONDER TO CHANGE FROM WONDER TO RATIONALISMRATIONALISM

THE DISCOVERS OF THE THE DISCOVERS OF THE SCIENCTIST OF THIS PERIOD SCIENCTIST OF THIS PERIOD ENDED THE RENAISSANCE ENDED THE RENAISSANCE AND THE NEED TO ANWER AND THE NEED TO ANWER QUESTIONS WENT AWAY QUESTIONS WENT AWAY FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND TO THE MEN OF SCIENCEAND TO THE MEN OF SCIENCE

END OF END OF SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC

REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

THE ENLIGHTENMENTTHE ENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment thinkers thought Enlightenment thinkers thought that like laws in natural science, that like laws in natural science, there were laws governing there were laws governing human society. Laws of nature human society. Laws of nature (natural laws) give people (natural laws) give people rights of life, liberty and rights of life, liberty and property. Men can build a fair property. Men can build a fair society based on reason society based on reason (rationality). They challenged (rationality). They challenged the theory of "Divine Right of the theory of "Divine Right of Kings."Kings."

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENT

THOMAS HOBBES: “LEVIATHAN”THOMAS HOBBES: “LEVIATHAN” JOHN LOCKE: NATURAL RIGHTSJOHN LOCKE: NATURAL RIGHTS BARON DE MONTESQUIEU: BARON DE MONTESQUIEU:

SEPARATION OF POWERSSEPARATION OF POWERS VOLTAIRE: FATHER OF FREE SPEECHVOLTAIRE: FATHER OF FREE SPEECH JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU: “THE JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU: “THE

SOCIAL CONTRACT” SOCIAL CONTRACT” ““MAN IS BORN FREE BUT EVERYWHERE MAN IS BORN FREE BUT EVERYWHERE

ELSE HE IS IN CHAINS”ELSE HE IS IN CHAINS”

RELIGIOUS REFORMRELIGIOUS REFORM

JOHN WESLEY: FOUNDER JOHN WESLEY: FOUNDER OF METHODISTSOF METHODISTS

JONATHAN EDWARDS: JONATHAN EDWARDS: “SINNERS IN THE HANDS “SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD”OF AN ANGRY GOD”