RELIGION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Religion in the United Kingdom has been dominated, for over 1,400 years, by various forms of Christianity.
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RELIGION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Religion in the United Kingdom has been
dominated, for over 1,400 years, by various forms of
Christianity.
currently the largest church in Britain
about 5 million nominal members, 2 million active participants
working class, settlers of Irish descent,
some middle-class and upper-class families
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
The Roman Catholic Church in the United Kingdom is divided into:
8 provinces (4 in England, 2 in Scotland, 1 in
Wales, 1 in Northern Ireland), each under the supervision of an archbishop
37 dioceses, each under the supervision of a bishop (some dioceses in NI overlap with dioceses in the republic of Ireland
over 3,000 parishes
The head of the Roman Catholic Church is the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
Britain used to be a Roman Catholic country.
In 1533, during the reign of Henry VIII, England broke from the Roman Catholic Church to form the
Anglican Church
HISTORY OF RELIGION IN THE UK
King Henry VIII
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND
Henry VIII, the king, wanted a divorce. He wanted a son and
his wife only gave birth to daughters. He asked the Pope for permission to divorce, but
was refused. Henry VIII became very angry and
decided to make his own church.
Henry VIII became leader of the Church of England
(Anglican Church). He had the Bible translated to
English and the people who believed in this new religion
were called Protestants
Back to being a Catholic Country
In 1553, Mary became Queen. She changed the country back to
Catholicism and burned Protestants who wouldn't change
at the stake
All change again
In 1558, Elizabeth became Queen. She changed the church back to
Anglican and it has been the official religion of England since.
WHY DID ENGLAND BECOME A PROTESTANT COUNTRY?
FLAG OF ANGLICAN COMMUNION
• episcopate hierarchy, i.e. there are Anglican archbishops and bishops
• a network of cathedrals
BUT
• no clerical celibacy• no invocation of
saints• Anglicans do not
believe in the purgatory
• women can be ordained clergy
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MEMBERSHIP
The membership of the Church of England consists of most middle- and upper-classes and is mainly rural-based. The Church of England is currently the 2nd largest church in Britain, and the third largest land
owner in Britain
The Church of England is the established (official) church in England, which means it is linked in various ways to the monarch
and the state:
The Queen is the Supreme Head of the Established Church of England
The Queen promises to maintain the Church and is a full member of the Church of England who has been confirmed and who takes
Holy Communion.
The Queen bears the official title of Defender of the Faith: Dei Gratia Regina, Fidei Defensor
The Queen appoints bishops and archbishops of the Church of
England (on PM’s advice on the basis of lists of candidates supplied by the Church)
CHURCH OF ENGLAND AS AN ESTABLISHED CHURCH
archbishops, bishops and parish priests of the Church of England swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch.
‘I accept Your Majesty
as the sole source of
ecclesiastical, spiritual
and temporal power’
bishops and archbishops may not resign without the permission of the Queen
the two archbishops and twenty-two senior bishops sit in the House of Lords – they are known as Lords Spiritual
Parliament decides about the Church of England rituals and organizations
the British monarch opens the General Synod every five years and gives assent to measures passed by the Synod, in the same way that assent is
given to laws passed by Parliament
The Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral (1888) is the official articulation of Anglican identity:
1. The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, as ‘containing all things necessary to salvation’, and as being the
rule and ultimate standard of faith.
2. The Apostles’ Creed, as the baptismal symbol; and the Nicene Creed, as the sufficient statement of the Christian faith.
3. The two sacraments ordained by Christ himself – Baptism and the Supper of the Lord – ministered with unfailing use of
Christ’s words of institution, and of the elements ordained by him.
ANGLICAN DOCTRINE, LITURGY AND WORSHIP
There are two sources of Anglican liturgy and worship:
The Book of Common Prayer,
1549 (written by Thomas Cranmer, finally revised in 1662)
39 Articles, 1563
There are two strands of belief (wings) of the Church of England:
Low Church (evangelicals) (80% of church membership)
plain services with minimum ceremony
literal interpretation of the Bible
conscious opposition to the papal doctrine and Catholicism
suspicious of the hierarchical structure of the Church
High Church (Anglo-Catholics) (20% of church membership)
emphasis on church tradition
Roman Catholic influences on practices and teaching
more elaborate and colorful services
CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL
The Church of England consists of two Provinces:
- Canterbury - established by the end of the 6th century by St. Augustine - headed by the Archbishop of Canterbury - the Primate of All England. The Province is divided
into 29 dioceses. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the active, professional head
of the Church. He is involved in a number of national ceremonies, e.g. coronation.
- York - headed by the Archbishop of York - the Primate of England. The Province is
divided into 14 dioceses.
General Synod (1919 – 1970 the Church Assembly) is the national governing body of the Church of England.
It is a tricameral assembly consisting of:
the House of Bishops,
the House of Clergy
the House of Laity
The Anglican Communion is a loose international association of ‘particular or national churches’ throughout the world, most of them owing their origins to the Church of England, and all in
communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury.
There are about 78 million Anglicans worldwide in 39 provinces
the Anglican Community has no central power or uniform organization
the Lambeth Conference – is a meeting of Anglican bishops from all over the world in London every 10 years (since 1867),
presided over by the Archbishop of Canterbury. It is a forum for debate on issues such as:
doctrine
relations with other churches
attitudes to political and social questions
ANGLICAN COMMUNION
• established by John Knox in 1560• deriving from the Calvinist doctrine and stressing:
o finding the truth in oneself
o hard work and self-sacrifice
• Presbyterian in nature, i.e. governed by elected ministers and elders, who are lay members of the church (NO priests or bishops)
• democratic structure – ministers are equal with each other
• separate from the Church of England, with its own organization, doctrines and practices
• its independence guaranteed by the Act of Union of 1707• The Queen promises to preserve the Church of Scotland, but
is not the Head of the Church of Scotland.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND (THE KIRK)
In Scotland the Presbyterian Church of Scotland (known informally as The Kirk), is recognised as the National
Church. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales was founded in the late 1980s and declared themselves to
be a Presbytery in 1996.The Presbyterian Church in Ireland is the largest Protestant denomination .
PRESBYTERIANISM AND
CONGREGATIONALISM
PCI LOGO
is a branch of Protestant Christianity that adheres to the Calvinist theological tradition and whose congregations are organized according to a Presbyterian polity.
Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God
the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ.
Presbyterianism originated primarily in Scotland.
PRESBYTERIANISM
Scotland is divided into 46 regional presbyteries which all consist of about 1,500 kirks (churches), each under the
local control.
Each church (kirk) is governed by a Kirk Session, i.e. its minister and elders.
The governing body of the Church of Scotland is the General Assembly:
consists of elected ministers and elders meets once a year is presided over by the Moderator, who is also elected
annually
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
(from Greek: μέθοδος - methodos, "pursuit of knowledge) is a movement of Protestant Christianity. The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement within Anglicanism.The Methodist Church is known for its missionary work, and its establishment of hospitals, universities, orphanages, soup kitchens, and schools to follow Jesus' command to spread the Good News and serve all people
METHODISM
Background
Christianity
Protestantism
Pietism Anglicani
sm
Arminianism
Wesleyanism
METHODISM
The Methodist movement traces its origin to the evangelical awakening in the 18th century. Today, the Methodist
Church of Great Britain, (which includes congregations in the Channel Islands,
the Isle of Man, Malta and Gibraltar) has around 270,000 members and 6,000 churches, though only around 3,000 members in 50 congregations are in
Scotland.
METHODISM
METHODISM
It began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, as a movement within the Church of England in the 18th century. The movement focused on Bible study and a methodical approach to scriptures and Christian living. The name "methodist" was a pejorative name given to a small society of students at Oxford who met together between 1729 and 1735 for the purpose of mutual improvement, given because of their methodistic habits. They were accustomed to receiving communion every week, fasting regularly, and abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury. They also frequently visited the sick and the poor, as well as prisoners.
The early Methodists acted against perceived apathy in the Church of England, preaching in the open air and establishing Methodist societies wherever they went. George Whitefield, another significant leader in the movement, and one of the Wesley brothers' fellow students at Oxford, became well known for his unorthodox ministry of itinerant open-air preaching.Most Methodists identify with the Arminian conception of free will, through God's prevenient grace, as opposed to the theological determinism of absolute predestination.
JOHN WESLEY
STRUCTURE OF METHODIS CHURCH
The Connexion
Methodists are linked together in a ‘Connexion’ of churches, circuits and districts.
The local church
The local church is the congregational place of worship, where Methodist members and attenders are nurtured.
The circuitA circuit is a group of local churches, served by a team of local preachers and
ministers including the superintendent minister.
The districtThe district serves a geographical group of circuits and is led by the district
chair.
The ConferenceThe annual Methodist Conference meets in different places and is the supreme
decision making body of the Church. At the start of Conference a new President and Vice-President are appointed to preside over that Conference and spend the year travelling around the Connexion, and abroad representing
the Methodist Church.
The Baptist Union of Great Britain, despite its name, covers just England and Wales. There is
a separate Baptist Union of Scotland and the Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland is
an all-Ireland organisation.
BAPTIST
The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
founded in the 1652 by George Fox
no ministers
silent meetings in meeting houses
stress pacifism and social work
QUAKERS
Anglican
Catholic
The Kirk
Other NonconformistChurches
Local unit
parish
parish
congregation
congregation
Place of worship
church
church
kirk chapel; meeting house (the Quakers)
Clergy
vicar/rector/parson;priest;curate (junior member)
priest
minister
minister;pastor
New member of clergy
deacon
novice ---------------
----------------------
Residence of clergy
vicarage;rectory
manse ---------------
----------------------
Jewish community - Britain has the second largest population of Jews in Europe. The British Jewish community is divided into: the Orthodox (led by the Chief Rabbi of Britain) ,the Reform ,the Liberal . there are
about 300 synagogues in the country
Muslim - 1.6 million Muslims in Britain, mostly from Pakistan and Bangladesh, about 1,000 mosques in the United Kingdom, the
London Central Mosque (the Islamic Cultural Centre, ICC) is the largest Muslim institution in western Europe
Hindus (165,000) – 143 Hindu temples - the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London is the largest Hindu temple in Europe
Buddhists - Kagyu Samyé Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre is a Tibetan Buddhist complex associated in Eskdalemuir, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is the largest Buddhist temple in Europe
NON-CHRISTIAN CHURCHES IN BRITAIN
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