Transcript
Medical PhysiologyFinal Examination
Samplex
PART II – CVSPrepared by: Mary 08AM
March 2009
Coverage: 1. Cell – 52. Nerve – 53. Muscle – 54. Blood – 105. Autonomics – 106. CVS – 307. Respi – 308. GIT – 30
Note: this is a compilation of finals samplex, it will be divided to parts according to the coverage. *^-^*
CVS
Which one of the following parameters is most similar in the pulmonary and systemic
circulation?
a. Vascular resistanceb. Stroke volumec. Afterloadd. Blood flow
Answer: B
Is NOT a characteristic of myocardial cells:
A. Can undergo sustained contractionB. Has intercalated discsC. Can regulate its own force of contractionD. Utilizes both intracellular and extracellular
calcium for contraction
Answer: A
An embolus was lodged in the pulmonary artery. This statement is TRUE
a. It must have come from the left ventricleb. It increases the workload on the right and left ventriclec. Interrupts the transmission of the impulse at the
AVNoded. It deceases pulmonary perfusion
Answer: B
The following induces positive inotropic effect on the myocardium EXCEPT:
a. Stretch on the fiberb. Adrenalinc. Acetylcholined. Increases heart rate
Answer: C
The volume of blood that determines the length of the muscle contraction is:
A. Stroke volumeB. End diastolic volumeC. End systolic volumeD. Afterload
Answer: B
The size of the ventricular chamber just before contraction is determined by:
a. End systolic volumeb. Stroke volumec. End diastolic volumed. Afterload
Answer: C
Which of the following events occur at the end of isovolumetric relaxation?
A. Closure of AV valvesB. Opening of AV valvesC. Opening of semilunar valvesD. Closure of semilunar valves
Answer: C
TRUE of the second heart sound
a. Atrial systoleb. Ventricular fillingc. Opening of the AV valvesd. Due to closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
Answer: D
S2 (second heart sound) coincides with the closure of the:
a. Tricuspid and mitral valveb. Aortic and pulmonic valvec. Mitral and aortic valved. Pulmonic and mitral valve
Answer: B
Maximum percentage that cardiac output can increase above normal is known as:
A. Cardiac outputB. Cardiac reserveC. Cardiac indexD. Cardiac cycle
Answer: B
In order for the heart to function as a pump, the myocardial cells have to depolarize almost at the
same time. The fast spread of the impulse is made possible by:
a. Intercalated disc/ tight gap junctionsb. The branching of myocardial branchesc. Bothd. neither
Answer: C
A second stimulus in very close succession maybe not able to elicit another myocardial
contraction:
a. Some myocardial cells are automaticb. The duration of the action potential (period of
refractoriness) is very longc. Resting membrane potential are unstabled. The main source of calcium is the extracellular fluid
compartment
Answer: B
In the conducting pathway of the heart, which part is most common site of heart block?
A. AV nodeB. Bundle of HisC. Bundle branchesD. Purkinje fibers
Answer: A
The SA node is the primary pacemaker, it’s automaticity lies on:
A. Phase 0B. Phase 2C. Phase 3D. Phase 4
Answer: D
At the microcirculation this takes care of the net accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space:
a. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressureb. Capillary hydrostatic pressurec. Lymphatic drainaged. Sodium/Potassium pump
Answer: C
TRUE regarding myocardial perfusion EXCEPT:
a. All capillaries are perfused even at resting stateb. Decreases during systole due to increase resistancec. Controlled predominantly by autonomicsd. Regulation is largely influenced by its metabolic state
Answer: C
This is TRUE if impulse transmission thru the AV Node is completely blocked,
a. the pacemaker shifts to the purkinje cellsb. SANode is not longer functionalc. The ventricle dissociates from the atriumd. There will be atrial contraction but not ventricular
contractions
Answer: C
The following brings about an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure EXCEPT:
a. Increase venous pressureb. Lymphatic obstructionc. Arteriolar vasodilationd. None of these
Answer: D
Interstitial fluid accumulation occurs when there is INCREASED:
A. Precapillary sphincter toneB. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressureC. Lymphatic drainageD. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Answer: D
The parameter DECREASES as the distensibility of the aorta decreases
A. Vascular resistanceB. AfterloadC. Vascular complianceD. Systolic pressure
Answer: C
Which of the following is the best index for afterload:
a. Pulse pressureb. Venous returnc. Total peripheral resistanced. Effective filling pressure
Answer: C
What is the MAP (mean arterial pressure)?Given: SP= 180mmHg DP=90 mmHg HR=
120/min
A. 100 mmHgB. 120 mmHgC. 125 mmHgD. 130 mmHg
Answer: B
Are known to decrease vascular resistance:
A. AdenosineB. Thromboxane A2C. Angiotensin IID. Endothelin
Answer: A
When the blood flow to the brain is compromised as in increased intracranial
pressure, the reflex response is:
A. IncreaseB. DecreaseC. No change ..........blood pressure
Answer: A
These changes are associated with baroreceptor reflex response to hemorrhage EXCEPT:
A. Decreased rate of firing of carotid sinus neurons
B. Decreased vascular wall stretchC. Decreased efferent parasympathetic responseD. Decreased vascular toneAnswer: D
The most immediate regulation of blood pressure is thru:
a. Baroreceptors in the arch of aorta and the common carotids
b. Shift of fluids in the capillariesc. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemd. The metabolic theory of regulation
Answer: A
The center of the baroreceptor reflex is located in the:
a. Cerebrumb. Brainstemc. Cerebellumd. Spinal cord
Answer: B
Following rapid intravenous fluid infusion on a patient thus increasing the blood volume
abruptly. The heartrate will be reflexly increased. This is known as:
A. Baroreceptor reflexB. Frank-starling’s lawC. Bainbridge reflexD. Cushing’s reaction
Answer: C
If the left heart fails, venous congestion is noted in the:
A. LiverB. Neck veinsC. LungsD. Lower extremities
Answer: C
The coronary arteries are best perfused during diastole because:
A. Diastolic pressure is lower than systolic pressureB. Intramyocardial branches of the coronaries are
compressed during systoleC. Myocardium is utilizing less oxygen at diastoleD. Peripheral vascular resistance is lower at diastole
Answer: B
SHADE:A – If increase in item A INCREASES Item BB – If increase in item A DECREASES Item B
If - Increase in item A does not affect item B
ITEM A1. Plasma Colloidal osmotic
pressure2. Serum potassium3. Venous pressure4. Aortic pressure5. Venous capacity6. Heart rate
ITEM B1. Interstitial accumulation2. Resting membrane
potential3. Capillary osmotic
pressure4. Ejection fraction5. Venous return6. Force of contraction1. B
2. B3. C4. B5. B6. A
SHADE:A – If increase in item A INCREASES Item BB – If increase in item A DECREASES Item B
If - Increase in item A does not affect item B
ITEM A1. Arteriolar diameter2. End systolic volume3. Myocardial calcium4. Tissue metabolic rate
ITEM B1. Plasma colloidal
osmotic pressure2. Effective filling
pressure3. Stroke volume4. Blood flow
1. C2. B3. A4. A
CAUSE and EFFECT:SHADE A- if INCREASE in item A INCREASES item BSHADE B- if INCREASE in item A DECREASES item B
SHADE C- if INCREASE in item A DOES NOT AFFECT item B
1. A.) Venous return –> B) Cardiac output2. A) nitric oxide –> B) vascular resistance3. A) calcium conductance –> B) inotropic effect4. A) afterload –> B) stroke volume5. A) parasympathetic stimulation –> B) force of
ventricular contraction1 – A2 – B3 – A4 – B5 – C
SHADE:A – If increase in item A INCREASES Item BB – If increase in item A DECREASES Item B
If - Increase in item A does not affect item B
ITEM A1. Inspiratory effort2. Heart rate3. Action potential
duration
ITEM B1. Venous return2. Myocardial calcium
concentration3. Period of
refractoriness
1. A2. C3. A
SHADEA – if Item A is GREATER/HIGHER than item B
B – if Item B is LESSER/LOWER than item BC – If items A and B are more or less equal
1. Intraventricular pressure:a. At isovolumetric contractionb. Period of ejection
2. Coronary blood flow:a. At systoleb. At diastole
ANSWER:1 – B2 – B
SHADEA – if Item A is GREATER/HIGHER than item B
B – if Item B is LESSER/LOWER than item BC – If items A and B are more or less equal
1. Stroke Volumea. Higher preloadb. Higher afterload
2. Resistance of blood flow:a. capillariesb. arterioles
ANSWER:1 – A2 – B
References
• 2008 Oct. 1st sem. SY 2008-2009. Finals Exam• 2006 Oct. 1st Sem. SY 2006-2007. Finals Exam• 2003 Oct. 1st Sem. SY 2003-2009. Finals Exam
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