Propaganda & Persuasion Persuasion A communication process to influence others Recipient voluntarily adopts new behavior or point of view Mutually satisfying.
Post on 16-Dec-2015
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Persuasion
•A communication process to
influence others
•Recipient voluntarily adopts
new behavior or point of view
•Mutually satisfying
•Both persuader & persuadee
stand to have needs fulfilled
Propaganda
Deliberate & systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate congitions & direct behavior
Goal is to further cause of propagandist
No concern for well-being of recipient
Though propagandist may profess concern
Propaganda
Ultimate goal is to control public opinion & manipulate behavior
Voting
Buying products
Joining an organization
Fighting for a cause
Etc.
Play on emotion
Avoid objectivity
Discourage examination of evidence
Often rely on symbols
Are most effective when there is a
vacuum of info around an issue
Propaganda devices:
Charismatic figures
Heavy symbolism
Simple & incessant moral
philosophy
Understanding of audience needs
Reliance on image & emotion
Historically effective elements of propaganda
Propaganda throughout history
Generally in support of war or religion
Architecture & public monuments Prestige & dynastic legitimacy
Alexander the Great Symbolism of marriage
Caesars of Imperial Rome “corporate symbolism” Art, architecture, literature,
coinage
Religious propaganda
Often aimed at positive social or political purpose
Parables & metaphors Eye of the camel, shepherd &
flock
Crusades: religion & war
Forms of propaganda
White propaganda
Source is correctly identified Info is accurate Attempts to build credibility
Black Propaganda
Credited to a false source Spreads lies, fabrications &
deceptions
Examples of black propaganda WWII radio leaflets
Gray Propaganda
• Source may or may not be correctly identified
• Accuracy of info is uncertain
Examples of gray propaganda
• Distorted statistics• Unsupported advertising claims
False, incomplete or misleading info fed to targeted individual, group or country
News stories designed to weaken adversaries, planted by foreign agent journalists
Disinformation (black propaganda)
Spreading of unfamiliar doctrine to build base of support for future use
Builds friendly atmosphere & keeps lines of communication open for eventual use of propaganda tactics
Often, though not always, aimed at news media
Subpropaganda(facilitative communication)
Sometimes true
But often exaggerated and/or fabricated
Massacre Mutilation Mistreatment
Hate propaganda(atrocity stories)
Brainwashing of prisoners
Integration Propaganda
Maintains the status quo
Agitation Propaganda
Arouse support for a cause
Coercive Propaganda
Name calling Giving an ideal a bad label
Glittering generality Association with a “virtue” word
Transfer Of respect & authority
7 Common Propaganda Devices
Testimonial Respected or hated person speaks
for an issue
Plain Folks “of the people”
Card Stacking Best or worse case
Band Wagon “everybody is doing it”
Development of democratic institutions
Improvements in transportation & communication
Growth of mass media bypasses traditional socializing
institutions
Reasons for growth in use of propaganda in 19th & 20th centuries
News Media & Propaganda
Whenever possible, propagandists attempt to control the news media.
The role of the news media in propaganda varies according to country and culture.
In an open society, the news media are more often channels of propaganda than actual propagandists.
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