PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk.
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PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems
Dr. Alexandra Cristeaacristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Outline
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Previous summer school..
• Adaptation in e-Learning (what, when, how, where … etc.)
• Authoring (engineering) for adaptation– Framework (LAOS)– Tool (MOT)– Moving from metadata, ingredients .. to recipes
(adaptation strategies: LAG)
• And lots of fun … ☺
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
This time …
• We presume we have the framework and structure –
• But we don’t want to do it by hand anymore
• From manual to automatic authoringFrom manual to automatic authoring
• And of course: lots of fun … ☺ .. But later
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Short Reminder:Adaptive vs. adaptable
adaptable adaptive
personalized
User-tuned System-tuned
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Short reminder
• LAOS, the framework for authoring
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
LAOS authoring framework for AH:
• domain model (DM),
• goal and constraints model (GM),
• user model (UM),
• adaptation model (AM) and
• presentation model (PM)
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Short reminder:
• LAG, the model for strategies
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
LAG: Layers of Adaptation granularity
• lowest level: direct adaptation techniques: – adaptive navigation support & adaptive presentation (Brusilovsky
1996), implem.: AHA!; expressed in AHAM syntax– techniques usually based on threshold computations of variable-
value pairs.
• medium level: goal / domain-oriented adaptation techniques:– based on a higher level language that embraces primitive
low level adaptation techniques (wrapper)– new techniques: adaptation language (Calvi & Cristea 2002),
• high level: adaptation strategies– wrapping layers above– goal-oriented
Adaptation Assembly language
Adaptation Programming
language
Adaptation Function calls
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Overall structure of the adaptation strategy// Description
// Variables
initialization ()
implementation ()
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Motivation
Automatic authoring:• integration of a generic AH authoring
environment MOT into a semantic desktop environment
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Automatic authoring
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Why automatic authoring
• Make authoring task easier
• Manual annotation is bottleneck
• By integrating authoring environment into semantic desktop
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Input Metadata Schema
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Input Metadata Schema (Close-up)
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Semantic Desktop• Desktop where everything is stored with
extra metadata• We uses RDF as storage format• Example RDF (also has an XML representation):
Publication
Conference
published At
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Output metadata schema
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
MOT: CAF example<domainmodel><concept><name>test</name>
<concept><name>tree</name>
<attribute><name>title</name>
<contents>tree</contents>
</attribute>
</concept>
</concept>
</domainmodel>
<goalmodel><lesson weight="0" label="">
<link weight="0" label="">test\tree\title</link>
</lesson></goalmodel>
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Selection & Rank (concept oriented)
))((
))()((),(
akcard
akckcardcarank
where: rank(a,c) is the rank of article a with respect to the current domain concept c;k(c) is the set of keywords belonging to the current domain concept c;k(a) is the set of keywords belonging to the current article a;
select x from x {p} y where y like “*keyword”
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Result
added materialadded material
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
ADAPT projectADAPT project
MOTMOTAHA!AHA!
WHURLE, WHURLE, NottinghamNottingham
Blackboard, Blackboard, SouthamptonSouthampton
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Ranking
• Concept oriented
• Article Oriented
where: rank(a,c) is the rank of article a with respect to the current domain concept c;k(c) is the set of keywords belonging to the current domain concept c;k(a) is the set of keywords belonging to the current article a; |S| = the cardinality of the set S, for a given set S.
||
||
k(c)
k(a)k(c)=c)rank(a,
||
||
k(a)
k(a)k(c)=c)rank(a,
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Conclusions: automatic authoring• semantic desktop is a rich source of
metadata about resources as well as relationships between these resources
• here, it provides automatically generated metadata describing publications and other materials relevant for an advanced course
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Conclusion• A teacher for every student?
– Yes, it’s possible with adaptation
• Not doing it all by hand as an author– Yes, in combination with SD & SW developments
• Research areas in authoring of adaptive eLearning:– Models, patterns, standards– Visualization of components & processes– Automatic production and reuse: static & dynamic– Interfacing: conversions, module-based, query-based – Adaptive testing– Business models
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Further reading & events• Upcoming: A3H@UM’07; ICALT’07 workshops, tutorial; Practical Hypertext
track@Hypertext’07: announced on my homepage (www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea)• 4th A3H,A3EH@AH’06 Workshop: http://www.win.tue.nl/~acristea/A3H/• 3rd A3EH@AIED’05 workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/AAAEH05/AIED2005.htm • 2nd A3EH@AH’04 workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/AH04/workshopAH.htm• 1st A3EH@WBE workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/WBE/• International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Education Technology and Society", Special
Issue on Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia • Papers:
– http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~maurice/publications.html– 2005, “Automatic Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia (copy here) “, book chapter to
appear in "Web-Based Intelligent e-Learning Systems: Technologies and Applications", Zongmin Ma. IDEA Publishing group; authors: A. Cristea and C. Stewart
– 2005, “Authoring of Adaptive Hypermedia; Adaptive Hypermedia and Learning Environments (copy here) “, book chapter to appear in "Advances in Web-based Education: Personalized Learning Environments", Sherry Y. Chen and Dr. George D. Magoulas. IDEA Publishing group; authors: A. Cristea
– 2005, “Patterns in Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia: A Taxonomy of Learning Styles (copy here) “ , International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Education Technology and Society", Special Issue on Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, July 2005 (Volume 8, Issue 3). authors: Elizabeth Brown, Alexandra Cristea, Craig Stewart and Tim Brailsford
– - 2004, “What can the Semantic Web do for Adaptive Educational Hypermedia? (copy here) “ International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Educational Technology and Society" 7(4), Special Issue on Ontologies and the Semantic Web for E-learning, IEEE, LTSC, pp 40-58. author: A. Cristea
PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007
Workshop• Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems• Time: 14:00 – 15:30• The workshop will allow hands-on experience with
creating adaptive eLearning: data, meta-data and adaptation strategies based on pedagogical foundations.
• http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/• http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/summerschool2007/
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