Progressive Presidents Teddy Roosevelt: Republican reformer
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Progressive Progressive PresidentsPresidents
Teddy Roosevelt:Teddy Roosevelt:Republican reformerRepublican reformer
Thinking SkillThinking Skill: Explicitly assess Presidential : Explicitly assess Presidential reforms and draw conclusions about their reforms and draw conclusions about their impactimpact
"This country will not be a permanently good place for any of us to live in unless we make it a reasonably good place for all of us to live in."Chicago, IL, June 17, 1912
“TR” the President
Used the Presidency as a “Bully Pulpit”: He pressured politicians to enact reforms by using his popularity with the American public. In doing so, he expanded the powers of
the American Presidency.
United Mine Workers Union United Mine Workers Union StrikeStrike
May 1902 coal miners demand higher wages, May 1902 coal miners demand higher wages, shorter hours, recognitionshorter hours, recognition
How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes?How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes? How did TR handle the United Mineworkers Union How did TR handle the United Mineworkers Union
strike?strike? Invited owners and union leaders to DCInvited owners and union leaders to DC Threatened to have federal troops take over Threatened to have federal troops take over
minesmines Precedent: first U.S. President to intervene on Precedent: first U.S. President to intervene on
side of workersside of workers Negotiated & miners won 10% pay increase and Negotiated & miners won 10% pay increase and
reduced workday from 10 to 9 hoursreduced workday from 10 to 9 hours
A “Square Deal” for All A “Square Deal” for All AmericansAmericans
Goal: prevent wealthy and powerful Goal: prevent wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small from taking advantage of small businesses and the poorbusinesses and the poor
Began enforcing the Sherman Anti-Began enforcing the Sherman Anti-trust Acttrust Act 11stst anti-trust lawsuit against JP Morgan’s anti-trust lawsuit against JP Morgan’s
Northern Securities Company (RR) in 1901Northern Securities Company (RR) in 1901 5-4 vote Supreme Court dissolved NSC5-4 vote Supreme Court dissolved NSC
How does How does the cartoon the cartoon depict TR’s depict TR’s
stance stance toward toward trusts?trusts?
From Trustbusting to From Trustbusting to RegulatingRegulating
Elkins Act (1903)- outlawed rebates on RR Elkins Act (1903)- outlawed rebates on RR freightsfreights
Hepburn Act (1906)- ICC could set Hepburn Act (1906)- ICC could set maximum RR rates and examine RR maximum RR rates and examine RR financesfinances
Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for inspection of meat packing plantsinspection of meat packing plants
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required accurate ingredient labels and prohibited accurate ingredient labels and prohibited unproven claims about a productunproven claims about a product
Conservation MovementConservation Movement PreservationistsPreservationists- John Muir, Sierra Club - John Muir, Sierra Club
sought to maintain wilderness areas for sought to maintain wilderness areas for beauty and aestheticsbeauty and aesthetics
DevelopersDevelopers- Big business sought to - Big business sought to exploit resources for economic gainexploit resources for economic gain Mining, timber, farmers, ranchersMining, timber, farmers, ranchers
ConservationistsConservationists- Gifford Pinchot, U.S. - Gifford Pinchot, U.S. Forest Service sought to scientifically Forest Service sought to scientifically manage lands for both public and manage lands for both public and commercial usecommercial use
Distinction b/w Preservation & Distinction b/w Preservation & ConservationConservation
TR and
John Muir at Yosemite
"The "The conservation of conservation of natural resources natural resources is the is the fundamental fundamental problem. Unless problem. Unless we solve that we solve that problem it will problem it will avail us little to avail us little to solve all others."solve all others."- TR’s Address at - TR’s Address at Deep Waterway Deep Waterway Convention Convention
Oct. 4, 1907Oct. 4, 1907
William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft TR haunted by 1904 promise not to run for re-electionTR haunted by 1904 promise not to run for re-election
Wanted successor to continue “my policies”Wanted successor to continue “my policies” Helped Taft win 1908 election (against Bryan)Helped Taft win 1908 election (against Bryan)
Past Experience:Past Experience: Attorney, JudgeAttorney, Judge Oversight of Philippines under McKinleyOversight of Philippines under McKinley TR’s Secretary of WarTR’s Secretary of War
Moderate Republican reformer:Moderate Republican reformer: 2 times as many lawsuits against trusts2 times as many lawsuits against trusts Rift with Teddy Roosevelt and ProgressivesRift with Teddy Roosevelt and Progressives
Lawsuit against U.S. SteelLawsuit against U.S. Steel Unsuccessful in getting Congress to lower tariffsUnsuccessful in getting Congress to lower tariffs Fired Pinchot for criticizing BallingerFired Pinchot for criticizing Ballinger
Teddy Roosevelt enters 1912 Teddy Roosevelt enters 1912 Election CampaignElection Campaign
Teddy Roosevelt “New Nationalism”Teddy Roosevelt “New Nationalism” Regulation of business to serve public Regulation of business to serve public
interestinterest Taft vs. RooseveltTaft vs. Roosevelt
Contentious Republican conventionContentious Republican convention Roosevelt runs under (“Bull Moose”) Roosevelt runs under (“Bull Moose”)
Progressive Party Progressive Party Republican vote is split between the twoRepublican vote is split between the two
Woodrow Wilson wins ElectionWoodrow Wilson wins Election Taft – taught law at YaleTaft – taught law at Yale
Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1921)Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1921)
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson Democratic Progressive ReformerDemocratic Progressive Reformer ““New Freedom” – govt. reg. of economyNew Freedom” – govt. reg. of economy Reigning in Banks, Tariffs, TrustsReigning in Banks, Tariffs, Trusts
Underwood Tariff Bill (1913)Underwood Tariff Bill (1913) Increased CompetitionIncreased Competition Launched income taxLaunched income tax
Federal Reserve ActFederal Reserve Act Regulate banks and reserve fundsRegulate banks and reserve funds Sets interest RatesSets interest Rates
Clayton Antitrust Act – outlawed certain Clayton Antitrust Act – outlawed certain business practicesbusiness practices
Presidential LegaciesPresidential Legacies
What impact did each President’s What impact did each President’s actions have on the nation? On the actions have on the nation? On the Presidency?Presidency?
Which Progressive President do you Which Progressive President do you believe made the best contributions?believe made the best contributions?
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