Transcript
Contents
•Process Selection▫Project▫Job▫Batch▫Assembly Line
•Process Design•Phases of Process Design•Process Analysis
Process Selection• Process Selection refers to the way an
organization chooses to produce its good or services.
• It takes into account ▫ selection of technology, ▫ capacity planning, ▫ layout of facilities, and ▫ design of work systems.
Project shop
•In a project, the inputs are brought to the project location as they are needed; there is no flow in the process.
•Example: building construction
Job shop
•Companies choosing a job process often bid for work. Typically, they make products to order and don't produce them ahead of time. The specific needs of the next customer are unknown, and the timing of repeat orders from the same customer is unpredictable. Each new order is handled as a single unit--as a job.
Batch Shop
•Products are produced in batches, for example, to fill specific customer orders. A batch process executes different production runs for different products. The disadvantage is the setup time required to change from one product to the other, but the advantage is that some flexibility in product mix can be achieved
Assembly Line
•An assembly line processes work in fixed sequence. However, the assembly line connects the activities and paces them, for example, with a conveyor belt. A good example of an assembly line is an automobile plant.
Process Selection / Design and System Design analysis
Forecasting
Product andService Design
TechnologicalChange
CapacityPlanning
ProcessSelection
Facilities andEquipment
Layout
WorkDesign
•FORECAST ▫Forecast is a statement about the future
value.▫Better those predictions more informed the
decisions are.•PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESIGN
▫Translate customer wants and needs into products.
▫Formulate cost targets.▫Formulate quality goals.
•Technological change▫Process selection also involves introducing
the advancements in the equipments.
• CAPACITY PLANNING▫Process of determining the production capacity
needed by an organization to meet changing demands.
• FACILITY LAYOUT▫Process by which the placement of departments
and workgroup within a facility are determined.• WORK DESIGN
▫Work design defines a product’s characteristics of: appearance, materials, dimensions, tolerances, and performance standards.
Process design
•Product design – the process of defining all of the companies product characteristics
•Product design is concerned with form and functions of a product. It refers to the arrangement of elements or parts that collectively form a product.
Process Analysis
•Process analysis is the documentation and detailed understanding of how work is performed and how it can be redesigned
•Identify opportunityManagers must pay attention to 4 core
processes supplier relationship NPD Order fulfillment Customer Relationship
•Define scope It establishes the boundaries of the process
to be analyzed. The resources that management assign to
improve or reengineer the process should match the scope of the process.
•Document ProcessAnalyst should document the process.Documentation consists of:-
process input supplier output customers
•Evaluate Performance▫It is important to have good measures to
evaluate a process.▫Metrics are the performance measures for
the process and steps within it.
•Redesign Process▫Metrics should uncover the gaps or
disconnects.▫Redesign=new process + documentation of
current process
•Implement changes▫Implementation is more than just developing a
plan and carrying it out.
A Systematic Approach to Process Analysis
•Suggestion system•Design team•Metrics•Flowcharts•Service Blueprint
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