Transcript
Probation and ParoleUnit 3
CJ 307Bob Jones University
Dr Mike Wilkie
Chapter 7Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
Probation and ISP
bull Probation-court ordered program for supervising offenders outside of incarceration
bull ISP is a restrictive program for higher-risk offenders
bull ISP may be for adults or juvenilesbull Two related findingsndash Increased surveillance may not reduce offenderrsquos
criminal activityndash Technical violations revocation rates higher
Juvenile Offenders
bull Allegheny County
ISP
bull Washington State programbull 219 reduction in recidivism
Probation
bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults
bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for
adults in your home state
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Chapter 7Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
Probation and ISP
bull Probation-court ordered program for supervising offenders outside of incarceration
bull ISP is a restrictive program for higher-risk offenders
bull ISP may be for adults or juvenilesbull Two related findingsndash Increased surveillance may not reduce offenderrsquos
criminal activityndash Technical violations revocation rates higher
Juvenile Offenders
bull Allegheny County
ISP
bull Washington State programbull 219 reduction in recidivism
Probation
bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults
bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for
adults in your home state
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Probation and ISP
bull Probation-court ordered program for supervising offenders outside of incarceration
bull ISP is a restrictive program for higher-risk offenders
bull ISP may be for adults or juvenilesbull Two related findingsndash Increased surveillance may not reduce offenderrsquos
criminal activityndash Technical violations revocation rates higher
Juvenile Offenders
bull Allegheny County
ISP
bull Washington State programbull 219 reduction in recidivism
Probation
bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults
bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for
adults in your home state
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Juvenile Offenders
bull Allegheny County
ISP
bull Washington State programbull 219 reduction in recidivism
Probation
bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults
bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for
adults in your home state
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
ISP
bull Washington State programbull 219 reduction in recidivism
Probation
bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults
bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for
adults in your home state
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Probation
bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults
bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for
adults in your home state
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Findings
bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ
bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Conditions for Probation
bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)
bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
High Risk Offenders
bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene
reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Remote Location Monitoring
bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today
bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than
incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Three Values of EM
bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community
contextndash Allows work education vocational training
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
OJJDP (cont)
bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per
weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation
counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment
bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
OJJDP
bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment
needs also increased parental responsibility
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
OJJDP
bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer
per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents
and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one
thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
House Arrest
bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working
hours
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Probation Then and Now
bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Questions
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Program Evaluation
bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Introduction
bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Program Evaluation
bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Measurements
bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Balancing Objectives and Needs
bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological
problems
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural
environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months
bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Curbing Recidivism
bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings
bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources
bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Questions
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Introduction
bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Scenario
bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped
bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo
bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews
bull Consider your recommendations for parole
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Types of Parole
bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency
releases
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Irish System
bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Significant Case Law
bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole
bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo
bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause
bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Significant Case Law (cont)
bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS
bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings
bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Significant Case Law (concl)
bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)
bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied
bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole
bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision
bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence
bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing
bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Use of Parole Today
bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day
bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole
Whybull Using classroom resources how many people
are on parole in your home state
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or
institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole
(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish
discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Parole Boards
bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Parole Board Decision Process
bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Classroom Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Findings
bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor
appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for
parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Parole Hearings
bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Conditions of Parole
bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Parole Revocation
bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Revocation Considerations
bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on
familybull Effect on prison population
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Parole and Cognitive Transformation
bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters
ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter
bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Parole Profession
bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Effects of Incarceration
bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Effects of Re-Entry
bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Offender Notification Forums
bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244
bull More Chicago project
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Re-entry Courts
bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-
enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Best Practices
bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the
bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution
structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in
the days following release
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available
jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like
transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness
to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as
little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Female Re-entry
bull P 246
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Policy Implications
bull P 247
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Key Terms
bull Review p 249
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Conclusions
bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to
turn the tide (discussion)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Sources
bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Questions
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Objectives
bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
History
bull Videondash Discussion
bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate
bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow
up critical to success
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
History
bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana
bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Criticisms of Boot Camps
bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need
longer tours
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Policy
bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)
bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving
bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism
bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Class Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state
bull Are there any for adult offenders
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)
bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Work Release Programs
bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender
bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Re-Entry Plans
bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Program Treatment
bull Pp268ff
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Questions
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Objectives
bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Residential Community-Based Corrections
bull Day Reporting Center story
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Cont
bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Half-Way Houses
bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended
bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
International Community Corrections Association
bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Reintegration
bull Shared responsibility between offender community
bull Social transition
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Special Needs in CBC
bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Program Characteristics-2 Categories
bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Transitional Control
bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Benefits of CBC programs
bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety
interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
bull Pp287-289
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Program Results
bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Exercise
bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Findings
bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo
bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed
bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Day Reporting Centers
bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation
bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction
bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Growth of DRCs
bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states
bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)
bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
DRCs
bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up
bull DRC Facts Sheet
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
South Carolina
bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
DRC program components
bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Goals of DRC
bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Drug Courts
bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases
substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
US Map
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
National Institute of Justice
bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Key Components (p 299)
bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing
bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights
bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Summary
bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs
bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation
reintegration
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
Questions
- Probation and Parole Unit 3
- Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
- Probation and ISP
- Juvenile Offenders
- ISP
- Probation
- Findings
- Conditions for Probation
- High Risk Offenders
- Remote Location Monitoring
- Three Values of EM
- OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
- OJJDP (cont)
- OJJDP
- OJJDP (2)
- House Arrest
- Probation Then and Now
- Questions
- Program Evaluation
- Introduction
- Program Evaluation (2)
- Measurements
- Balancing Objectives and Needs
- Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
- Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
- Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
- Curbing Recidivism
- Questions (2)
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
- Introduction (2)
- Scenario
- Types of Parole
- Irish System
- Significant Case Law
- Significant Case Law (cont)
- Significant Case Law (concl)
- Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
- Use of Parole Today
- Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
- Parole Boards
- Parole Board Decision Process
- Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
- Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
- Classroom Exercise
- Findings (2)
- Parole Hearings
- Conditions of Parole
- Parole Revocation
- Revocation Considerations
- Parole and Cognitive Transformation
- Parole Profession
- Effects of Incarceration
- Effects of Re-Entry
- Offender Notification Forums
- Re-entry Courts
- Best Practices
- Best Practices (cont)
- Female Re-entry
- Policy Implications
- Key Terms
- Conclusions
- Sources
- Questions (3)
- Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
- Objectives
- History
- History (2)
- Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
- Criticisms of Boot Camps
- Policy
- Class Exercise
- Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
- Work Release Programs
- Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
- Re-Entry Plans
- Program Treatment
- Questions (4)
- Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
- Objectives (2)
- Residential Community-Based Corrections
- Cont
- Half-Way Houses
- International Community Corrections Association
- Reintegration
- Special Needs in CBC
- Program Characteristics-2 Categories
- Transitional Control
- Benefits of CBC programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Program Results
- Exercise
- Findings (3)
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Day Reporting Centers
- Growth of DRCs
- DRCs
- South Carolina
- DRC program components
- Goals of DRC
- Drug Courts
- US Map
- Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
- National Institute of Justice
- Key Components (p 299)
- Summary
- Questions (5)
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