Principles Of Fertigation In Micro Irrigation Majumder Premier Irrigation.pdf · FERTIGATION Fertigation is the process of application of Fertilizers along with Irrigation through
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Snehasish Majumder
Principles Of Fertigation In Micro Irrigation
National Seminar On Fertigation
Date: 15th Sept. 2017
Venue: Hotel Surya Palace, Vadodara
FERTIGATION
Fertigation is the process of application of Fertilizers along with Irrigation through
Micro Irrigation System.
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers, soil amendments and other water-soluble
products into an irrigation system.
Fertigation is practiced extensively in commercial Agriculture and Horticulture.
Fertigation replenishes Nutrients that plants take from soil.
Fertigation is used to add additional nutrients or to correct nutrient deficiencies
detected in plant tissue analysis. It is usually practiced on all crops such as Cotton,
Vegetables, Sugarcane, Banana, fruit Crops, spices & ornamentals.
BENEFITS OF FERTIGATION
Maximizing Crop & Soil Productivity
Higher yields and top quality of produce, Marginal lands, like sandy soils, rocky
soils, shallow soils and salt affected soils can be successfully put into cultivation.
Maximizing fertilizer efficiency by accurate & uniform application
Reduces nutrients losses by leaching and/or volatilization
Increase in Nutrient uptake due to distribution of Fertilizers being uniform and at
active root zone area
Considerable savings in Fertilizers, Labour, Fuel costs
CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENT CHEMICAL SYMBOL CATEGORY
Nitrogen N
Major OR Primary Nutrient
Phosphorus P
Potassium K
Sulphur S
Calcium CaSecondary Nutrient
Magnesium Mg
Iron Fe
Micro Nutrient
Manganese Mn
Zinc Zn
Boron Bo
Copper Cu
Molybdenum Mo
Chlorine Cl
SOURCE OF NURIENTS
C
H
O
N P K S
ALL SECONDARY & MINOR NUTRIENTS
In order to plants grow and develop they need
the supply of Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen (get
from atmosphere), in addition to this 13
essential mineral elements, which they get from
soil
NITROGEN (N)Nitrogen is the nutrient with the greatest influence on crop yield through the effect on chlorophyll and protein production.
Nitrogen
1. Intensifies the green color which is necessary for chlorophyll production
2. Increases leaf size
3. Increases growth rate.
4. Increases final yield and protein production
ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT
ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT
PHOSPHOROUS (P)Phosphorous is important in root development, the ripeningprocess and particularly in the manufacture and use of sugars andcomplex carbohydrates.Supply of phosphorous is essential in the early stages of a plant’slife and for early maturity.
Phosphorous
1. Stimulates root development
2. Helps plants to become established in the season
3. Encourages Maturity
ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT
POTASSIUM (K)Potassium is associated with the regulation of water within theplant and with the control of water loss from the leaves.It is also vital for the root nodule bacteria on legumes which fixesnitrogen from air.
Potassium
1. Encourages healthy growth.
2. Renders crop more resistant to drought and disease.
3. Improves the quality of produce
ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT
SULPHUR (S)Sulphur is constituent of few Amino Acids – Cysteine (26% S) & Methionine(21% S). Insectcide (Miticide) & Fungicide
Sulphur
1. Plays crucial role in Protein synthesis
2. Gives shining colour to fruits
3. Increases oil content in case of oil seeds
FERTILIZER SOLUBILITY
Fertilizers
Maximum
amount (kg)
dissolved in 100
L at 20°C
Time to
dissolve
(min)
pH of the
solution
Insolubles
(%)Comments
Urea 105 20(a) 9.5 negligible Solution cools as urea dissolves.
Ammonium nitrate [Nitram®
NH4NO3]195 20(a) 5.62
Corrosive to galvanised iron and
brass. Solution cools as product
dissolves
Sulfate of ammonia
[(NH4)2SO4]43 15 4.5 0.5 Corrosive to mild steel.
Mono-ammonium phosphate
[MAP]40 20 4.5 11 Corrosive to carbon steel.
Di-ammonium phosphate
[DAP]60 20 7.6 15 Corrosive to carbon steel.
Muriate of potash [KCl] 34 5 7.0–9.0(b) 0.5 Corrosive to brass and mild steel.
Sulfate of potash [K2SO4] 11 5 8.5–9.5(b) 0.4–4(b) Corrosive to mild steel concrete.
K-spray [K2SO4] 11 1 8.5–9.5(b) 0.4–4(b) Corrosive to mild steel concrete.
Potassium nitrate [KNO3] 31 3 10.8 0.1Solution cools as product
dissolves. Corrosive to metals.
SOIL TYPES
SANDY, SILT & CLAY SOILS
Sand is the largest particle in the soil. When you rub it, it feels rough. This is because it hassharp edges. Sand doesn't hold many nutrients or water.
Silt is a soil particle whose size is between sand and clay. Silt feels smooth and powdery.When wet it feels smooth but not sticky.
Clay is the smallest soil particle. Clay is smooth when dry and sticky or plastic when wet. Soils high in claycontent are called heavy soils. Clay can hold a lot of nutrients, and can hold quite a bit of water, but thestructure of clay doesn't let air and water move through it well.
Most of the water in a clay soil is so tightly bound to the clay particles that plants can't get it loose.
SOIL TRIANGLE
SOIL TRIANGLE TO IDENTIFY TYPE OF SOIL
Examle: SAND 30% + CLAY 30% + SILT 40%
soil type is Clay loam
SOIL WETTING PATTERN
FERTILIZER TANK
Model FT 30 - volume of tank: 30 litresModel FT 60 - volume of tank: 60 litresModel FT 90 - volume of tank: 90 litres
FERTIGATION PRINCIPLE: Pressure difference
WATER WATER +
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
Advantage: Head loss is minimum
Disadvantage :Concentration is varying and not uniform
VENTURY
VENTURI ¾” 1” & 2”
VENTURI with Manifold
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF VENTURY
¾” Venturi :- Injection rate 51-150 lphOperating pressure at inlet- 1 to 1.5 barHead loss : 0.2 to 0.6 bar
1” Venturi :- Injection rate 150- 270 lphOperating pressure at inlet- 1.1 to 1.6 barHead loss : 0.3 to 0.6 bar
2” Venturi :- Injection rate 650 -1000 lphOperating pressure 1.5 to 1.9 barHead loss : 0.5 to 0.8 bar
Advantage : Concentration is uniform
Disadvantage: Head loss is high
FERTIGATION PRINCIPLE: VENTURY
V-MAX, P-MIN Suction
P2 P1
P1 > P2
INLINE DOSING CONTROLLER FOR FERTIGATION
The In-Line Dosing system has many design features to ensure that acid & Fertlizers
are dosed accurately & safely. It offers cost effective alternative to mechanical fertilizer
injectors
Venturies are used for Fertilizer and acid dosing to provide a rugged design with
minimum moving parts
Dosing system uses a unique algorithm to give accurate pH & EC control with varying
flow rates
Fertilizer flow rate will depend on no. of Venturi Injectors
Booster Pump is used to drive Venturi Injectors and will depend on line pressure and
number of Injectors
INLINE DOSING SYSTEM
21
THANK YOU
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