Present perfect tense

Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense

Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense

FORM: have / has + past participleFORM: have / has + past participle

AffirmativeAffirmative:: I I have seenhave seen the film before. the film before. She She has seenhas seen the film before. the film before.

InterrogativeInterrogative:: Have Have you you seenseen the film before? the film before? HasHas she she seenseen the film before? the film before?

NegativeNegative: They : They havehaven’tn’t seen seen the film before. the film before. He He hashasn’tn’t seen seen the film before. the film before.

I I havehave YouYou havehave He He hashas = Basri= Basri hashas SheShe hashas = Siti= Siti hashas WeWe havehave = You and I= You and I havehave TheyTheyhavehave = basri & Siti= basri & Siti havehave ItIt hashas = a cat= a cat hashas

Uses of the Present PerfectUses of the Present Perfect

1- 1- Recent eventsRecent events: It is used to describe : It is used to describe recent recent events without a definite timeevents without a definite time. .

The idea of time or place in the speaker’s The idea of time or place in the speaker’s mind makes the event recent. mind makes the event recent. Time expressions may emphasize Time expressions may emphasize recentness: recentness: just, recently, latelyjust, recently, lately

Why are they so happy?

They have just won a prize.

So, they are really pleased

2-2- Personal experiencesPersonal experiences: It is used to express : It is used to express personal experiences, personal experiences, there is not a definite there is not a definite time given.time given.

The time expressionsThe time expressions ever ever and and nevernever are very are very often used with this meaningoften used with this meaning

I have never been to Japan. Have you ever been there?

3- It is used to express 3- It is used to express actions that started in actions that started in the past and continue to the present the past and continue to the present. .

The time period is not finished. We use The time period is not finished. We use forfor and and sincesince with this meaning. We use with this meaning. We use forfor with with periods of timeperiods of time and and sincesince with with points points of time.of time.

I haven’t eaten since yesterday morning.

I am really hungry

I haven’t drunk anything for two days.

I am terribly thirsty

Simple Past Simple Past vs. vs. Present PerfectPresent Perfect

When do we use each tense in When do we use each tense in English?English?

Remember:Remember:

Grammar has meaning!

Different grammar tenses are used in different situations or contexts and they carry different meanings.

For example . . .For example . . .

Use theUse the simple simple pastpast for action for action that happened in that happened in the past and is:the past and is:

over, done, finished!

Use theUse the present present perfect perfect for for action that action that started in the started in the past, but . . .past, but . . .

is still true today.

The simple pastsimple past always refers to an action or situation that is finishedfinished..

The present perfectpresent perfect connectsconnects the past and the present. It is used to show that an action or situation in the past:- continues today, OR- might happen again

Compare theCompare the meaningmeaning of of these two sentences:these two sentences:

1. Sara1. Sara livedlived in Boston for 5 years.in Boston for 5 years.2. Sara2. Sara has livedhas lived in Boston for 5 years.in Boston for 5 years.

The first sentence uses:The first sentence uses:Simple PastSimple Past

The second sentence uses:The second sentence uses: Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Sara Sara lived lived in Boston for 5 years.in Boston for 5 years.

Meaning:Meaning: by using the simple by using the simple past tense, we mean that Sara past tense, we mean that Sara started living in Boston 5 years started living in Boston 5 years ago . . .ago . . .

AND . . . then she AND . . . then she movedmoved!!Now she lives in a different city, Now she lives in a different city, like Paris.like Paris.

Remember, the simple past is Remember, the simple past is used for a situation that is used for a situation that is over, over, finished, done!finished, done!

Sara Sara has lived has lived in Boston for 5 years.in Boston for 5 years.

Meaning:Meaning: by using the present by using the present perfect tense, we mean that Sara perfect tense, we mean that Sara began living in Boston 5 years ago. began living in Boston 5 years ago. . .. .

AND . . . she AND . . . she still still lives there.lives there.

Remember, present perfect:Remember, present perfect:

connectsconnects the past with the present. the past with the present.

Use the simple simple pastpast with time words like:

• yesterdayyesterday• last last Saturday, Saturday,

week, month, year, week, month, year, etc.etc.

• _______ ago_______ ago• when I was…when I was…• in 1990 in 1990 (past (past

date)date)

Use the present present perfectperfect with time words like:

• recently/recently/latelylately

• since …since …• so far this so far this

week, month, year, week, month, year, etc.etc.

Additional notes about Additional notes about present perfect:present perfect:

• We often use present perfect to say We often use present perfect to say that something happened sooner that something happened sooner than expected.than expected.

Example:Example:

Jan: Don’t forget to mail that letter.Jan: Don’t forget to mail that letter.

Tom: ITom: I’ve’ve alreadyalready mailedmailed it. it.

• We often use present perfect to say that we have never done something at any time in the past.

Example: I have never visited London. But someday, I hope to travel there.

• We often use present perfect with We often use present perfect with the expression:the expression: “This is the first “This is the first time.”time.”

Example:Example:

Leonard is nervous.Leonard is nervous. This is the This is the first time he has flownfirst time he has flown on an on an airplane! airplane!

• We often use present perfect with “ever” and “never.”

Example:Example: Patricia: Have you ever played tennis?Linda: No, I’ve never played before, but I would like to learn!

Remember!Remember!

If you are talking about a specific time in the past (yesterday, last month, etc.), you cannotcannot use the present perfect.

In these cases, use the simple In these cases, use the simple past.past.

Let’s Let’s practice!practice!Present Continuous or Present SimplePresent Continuous or Present Simple

1. When I was a child, I have swum / swam a lot.2. So far this week, we has studied / have studied / studied

a lot.3. Theo has been / was very sick recently.4. I had / have had a terrible headache yesterday.5. It has rained / have rained / rained a lot lately. 6. They have gotten / got / has gotten married ten years

ago.7. I go / went / has gone / have gone to Balboa Park many

times. (possibly again in the future)8. My family has taken / took / have taken a vacation last

year.

Go ahead

Congratulation!Congratulation!

You are wrong!You are wrong!Go back and read again!Go back and read again!

Simple past Present perfect

THANK YOUTHANK YOU