Pre-University Engineering Education in the IEEE August 2007 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Moshe Kam, Douglas Gorham Educational Activities.
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Pre-University Engineering Education in the IEEE
August 2007Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Moshe Kam, Douglas Gorham Educational Activities
A Few Words about IEEE
IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world
367,000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York
Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology
From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering
In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”
Early Presidents
Alexander G. Bell Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague
A few more recent Presidents
Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read
AIEE IRE
Established 1884 in Philadelphia
An American Organization
Representing the establishment
Rooted in Power Engineering
First computers working group Now the Computer Society
Established 1908
An international Organization
Open to students, young professionals
Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers
Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913)
1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE
Total IEEE Membership - 1963 to 2005
150000
200000
250000
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What is IEEE?
A membership organization
A major creator and guardian of technical IP
A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together
both geographically and disciplinarily
A guardian of the future of Engineering
An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives
What is IEEE?
A membership organization
A major creator and guardian of technical IP
A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together
both geographically and disciplinarily
A guardian of the future of Engineering
An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives
What does IEEE do?
Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing
Organizes conferences
Develops standards
Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together
Organizes professional activities among engineering students
Educates the public about Engineering
What does IEEE do?
Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing
Organizes conferences
Develops standards
Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together
Organizes professional activities among engineering students
Educates the public about Engineering
Why is IEEE interested in pre-university engineering education?
Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission
Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering
This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living
Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us
Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly
Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us
What is the Problem?
Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations
Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics
E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia
Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries
Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita
Some of the problems are related to national policy
Country Public expenditures on education
R&D investment per capita (1M people)
Argentina 3.5% 0.013%
Brazil 5.1% 0.004%
Ecuador 3.5% l.t 0.001%
Peru 2.9% l.t 0.001%
Austria 5.4% 0.2%
Spain 5.0% 0.02%
UNESCO World Education Report
Percentage of Science Degrees Awarded
41
.83
63
2.4
18
.41
5.6
38
.43
2.5
28
.21
5.8
13
39
.53
1.5
24
.21
5.9
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38
.43
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5.9
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.71
4.9
38
.93
1.1
25
16
.41
7.4
38
.53
0.8
24
.61
4.8
16
.2
05
101520253035404550
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
South Korea
Germany
Czech Rep.
USA
Norway
Science degrees include life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, computer sciences, engineering, manufacturing, and building
Source: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
New baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004)
Country Number of degrees per million citizens
USA 468.3
China 271.1
India 103.7
SA 36.5
What is the Problem?
Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented
Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed Resulting in early decisions that block
the path of children to Engineering
Engineering degrees US: 2005-2006
http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf
B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Gender, US: 2005-2006
http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf
Engineering Degrees Awarded to women, US: 2005-2006
http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf
Engineering has a problem of image
From Collegeboard.com: Law
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
fascinated by the relationship between law and society
engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?
From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
sharp of mind and quick of tongue
learn how to find and interview sources?
From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work.
Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…
From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work
Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems
Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed
In many countries in the Western Hemisphere, student achievements in
mathematics are low
OECD Program for International Student Assessment
Mathematics, 15 year old students
The United States
Finland, Korea, the Netherlands, Japan
Mexico
Some data points for Brazil
Currently almost all students ages 7-14 (96.4%) attend school– up from 80.9% in 1980
Currently 83.0 % of students ages 15-17 attend school– up from 49.7% in 1980
Literacy rates for people ages 15 and older= 88.2%
As of 2002, Brazilians averaged 6.2 years of formal education (compared with 11 years in South Korea and 8 years in Argentina)
Brazil invests 4.3% of its GDP on education. The overall goal is 7%.
Edudata Brasil (http://edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br/
Pre-university activities in IEEE
On Line Portal
Tryengineering.org
“Strong On-line presence”
The Web provides us with high potential for reachability
A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers
But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium
Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools
Instant messaging, podcasts
TryEngineering.org
A comprehensive portal on engineering for young people
Original target audience: young people ages 8-18
Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design
Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and
engineering
“Discover the creative engineer in you”
TryEngineering.org
A portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers
School searchBy location, program, environment
Day in the life of an engineer
Hands-on and virtual projects
Class plans for teaching engineering design
Ask an engineerBrought to you by SAE
Ask a studentBrought to you by JETS
Games Summer camps, internship opportunities
Unique features
School search
Ask an Engineer
Ask a Student
Coming up: Opportunities Pre-university students: summer camps, science fairs University students: research opportunities, summer
and co-op jobs Graduating students: graduate study opportunities,
academic jobs
On-line Presence: TryEngineering TryEngineering.org is becoming an
increasingly popular resource for the pre-university and university communities:
28,800 = average # of visitors per month 126,835 = average # of page hits per month 4,727 = average number of university searches per
month 10,223= average # of lesson downloads per month 1821= number of questions submitted to Ask an
Expert
Statistics as of 1 August 2007
Countries of Users: English Version
US (70%) India (5%) China (3.3%) Canada United Kingdom Austria Australia
Malaysia Germany Japan Thailand South Africa Korea Brazil
Most Requested Files: Lesson Plans
Build a robot arm Close to 17,000 downloads
Cracking the Code (bar codes)
Critical Load (Civil Engineering)
New University Searches: 15 Countries
Australia Brazil Canada Pakistan France Germany India Japan
Korea Mexico New Zealand Malaysia South Africa United Kingdom United States
What’s new
New Languages
中文 Chinese
Deutsch German
Español Spanish
Français French
邦人 Japanese
русский Russian
What’s new
1 June 2007
Usage-- New Languages
Language Hits Visitors
Chinese 17608 2834
Spanish 21866 2693
Russian 24763 2589
French 23230 2498
German 21835 2237
Japanese 20704 2091
Since 1 June 2007
A New Original Game: Questioneering
What’s new
Question: The following are examples of word processing applications:
(A)LaTex and Microsoft Word(B)MIDI and RS-232 (C)Pdf and PCM(D)QWERTY and AZERTY
Questions created by 26 graduate students, engineers, and engineering professors
A New Original Game: Questioneering
What’s new
Question: Artificial neural networks are...
(A)Brain implants designed by biomedical engineers(B)Models of interconnected processors used for
signal processing and computation (C)Neuron architectures present in people who were in
bad brain accidents(D) Internet discussion groups devoted to Cognitive
Science
We are looking for an Intern to provide players with more feedback
Future services – focus on the University/College Student
Effective oral and written presentations
Job search and preparation for interview
Writing a resume
Looking for graduate school Graduate school homepage already available
through University Search
What’s new
Future Services – interviews with students and practitioners
Interviews with students from California State University, Northridge and Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
Interviews with ECE and Biomedical Engineering practitioners engaged in Biometrics work
Future services: www.Accreditation.org
Introduction to Accreditation List of recognized accrediting bodies
worldwide And the programs they accredit
List of mutual recognition agreements Including original texts and commentary
Policy papers on accreditation
Links and scholarly papers
Coming in August 2007
Teacher In Service Program
“Engineering in the Classroom”
The Teacher In Service Program (TISP)
A program that trains IEEE volunteers to work with pre-university teachers
Based on approved Lesson Plans Prepared by IEEE volunteers Tested in classrooms Associated with Education Standards Designed to highlight engineering design
principles Low cost
How does it work?
Section volunteers run a TISP training event
EAB provides logistical support and instructors
Volunteers gather for a day and a half of training With teachers and school administrators
Volunteers spread the program in their school districts
Pre-university Engineering Education in the IEEE
August 2007Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Moshe Kam, Douglas Gorham Educational Activities
What we have done 2006-2007
2006 Boston (R1)
Indianapolis (R4)
Memphis (R3)
Kuala Lumpur (R10)
Cape Town (R8)
2007 Piura, Peru (R9)*
Rio de Janeiro (R9)
Baltimore (R2)
Dallas (R5)
*= student branch model
Expected Attendance 2007
Venue Expected Attendance
Actual Attendance
Piura 80-90 105 from 3 countries
Rio de Janeiro
50-70 100+ from 16 countries
Dallas 50-70 70
Baltimore 40-60 ?
Recent information “From the Field”
Six new programs in South Africa To subject advisors and educators Total number of affected teachers will be more
than 700 Four new programs in Malaysia
160 teachers Three new programs in the Florida West
Coast Section 90 teachers
Activity Sample
http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/lessons.html
http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/slessons.html
Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance
Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile
Build working models with household items
Design and Build a Better Candy Bag
Lesson Focus
Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product
in this case a bag for holding candy.
Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag
New Lesson Plans
Give Binary A Try Computer arithmetic and ALU design
Hand Biometrics Technology Biometrics
Sail Away Watercraft design
Simple Kitchen Machines Simple Machines
Dispenser Designs Design: user satisfaction, costs, materials
Engineering Ups and Downs Elevators
Build a Big Wheel Ferris Wheels
What’s new
Additional New Lesson Plans
Sort it Out Sticky Engineering
Challenge Ship the Chip Move That
Lighthouse! A Question of Balance Program Your Own
Game
Engineering Air Traffic Pipeline Challenge Infrared Investigations Hull Engineering Engineered Sports Engineered Memory Wind Tunnel Testing
What’s new
Questions and comments
References Edudata Brasil (http://www.edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br/) COELHO DE SOUZA, Marcos Medeiros. O
Analfabetismo no Brasil sob o Enfoque Demografico. Ipea. Brasilia, 1999 (http://www.ipea.gov.br/pub/td/td_99/td_639.pdf)
IBGE (http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibgeteen/pesquisas/educacao.html)
Universidade de Brasilia- Assessoria de Comunicacao (http://www.unb.br/acs/unbagencea/ag0504-16.htm)
Politica Educacional- O Desafio da Qualidade (http://www.missaocrianca.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251&Itemid=2)
$300-$500 per year will sustain a very active teacher in-service program.
EAB will support your Section for 12 months following this workshop
This support is for the cost of materials and supplies to conduct a TISP session with local pre-university educators
Counting the Cost
Design and Build a Better Candy Bag
Region 9
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Douglas Gorham, Educational Activities
Nico Beute, South Africa Section
Principles & Standards for School Mathematics
Geometry: Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric
modeling to solve problems Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-
dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships
Problem Solving: Recognize and apply geometric ideas in areas outside of
the mathematics classroom Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies
Communication: Communicate mathematical thinking coherently and
clearly to peers, teachers, and others
National Science Education Standards
Standard E: Science and Technology
Abilities to distinguish between natural objects and objects made by humans
Abilities of technological design Understandings about science and technology Communicate the process of technological design
Standards for Technological Literacy
Students will develop an understanding of… Standard 8. the attributes of design. Standard 10. the role of troubleshooting,
research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.
Students will develop… Standard 11. the abilities to apply the design
process. Standard 20. an understanding of and be able to
select and use construction technologies.
Outline and Procedures
Divide into pairs Brainstorm and create a sketch of your design Build a model of your design with given
materials: a limit of 1 meter of tape per team Calculate the approximate volume of the bag Predict how much weight the bag might hold Test the strength of your bag Discuss and agree upon a redesigned bag Rebuild your prototype bag Retest the strength of your bag Answer reflection questions as a team
Reflection
What was one thing you liked about your design?
What is one thing you would change about your design based on your experience?
How did the materials provided impact your design?
How might you incorporate this activity into your classroom instruction?
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