Transcript
EXERCISE # 5EXERCISE # 5
ANIMAL CELL DIVERSITY ANIMAL CELL DIVERSITY AS TO SHAPEAS TO SHAPE
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES1. Recognize varied 1. Recognize varied
shapes of animal cellsshapes of animal cells2. Relate shape to 2. Relate shape to
functionfunction
Specimen SMOOTH MUSCLE
Shape: FUSIFORM
Location of Nuclei: CENTERED
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
Stretch and still maintain contractility is important in organs like the intestines and urinary bladder.
Specimen SKELETAL MUSCLE
Shape: STRIATED
Location of Nuclei: PERIPHERY
Abundance: MULTINUCLEATED
Function in relation to shape:
Basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction
Specimen HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR
Shape: BICONCAVE
Location of Nuclei: RBC, anucleatedWBC - center
Abundance: RBC- anucleatedWBC- one
Function in relation to shape:
the surface area is increased to allow more haemoglobin to be stored in the cell.
Specimen FROG BLOOD SMEAR
Shape: OVAL/OVOID
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
to contain the nucleus that carries the genetic info needed to make new cells by replication
Specimen AMOEBA
Shape: SHAPELESS
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
For locomotion
Specimen CHROMATOPHORE
Shape: IRREGULAR/STELLATE
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
for maximum color effect
Specimen OVARY
Shape: OVOID/ EGG-SHAPE
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
To contain the ovum
Specimen HUMAN SKIN
Shape: FLAT/ SQUAMOUS
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation
Specimen FROG SKIN
Shape: FLAT/ SQUAMOUS
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
passive diffusion of gases
Specimen LIVER CELL
Shape: POLYGONAL
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
To maximize surface area due to being highly metabolically active
Specimen KIDNEY CELL
Shape: CUBOIDAL
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
The cuboidal shape of the kidney cell helps in filtering blood
Specimen SMALL INTESTINE CELL
Shape: COLUMNAR
Location of Nuclei: BASAL/BASE OF THE CELL
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food.
Specimen SPINAL CORD
Shape: STELLAR
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
signal transmission, connect to each other to form neural network
Specimen SPERM CELL
Shape: FLAGGELATED
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
the head of the sperm cell, it is used to penetrate the egg, while the thin tail helps move the sperm up the uterus
Specimen TRACHEAL CELL
Shape: PYRAMIDAL
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
function in secretion or absorption
Specimen BONE
Shape: WEB-LIKE
Location of Nuclei: CENTER
Abundance: SINGLE
Function in relation to shape:
to create a network with each other via canaliculi which are used for exchange of nutrients and waste
EXERCISE # 6EXERCISE # 6
CELL DIVISIONCELL DIVISION
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES1. Locate actual cell 1. Locate actual cell
divisiondivision2. Know the parts of 2. Know the parts of
mitosismitosis3. Differentiate mitosis 3. Differentiate mitosis
from amitosisfrom amitosis
INTERPHASE
The material inside the nucleus is largely chromatin(C) which consists of the chromosomes stretched out so that individual chromosomes are not visible. The dark structure(I) represents the nucleolus. Interphase cells typically have one or more nucleoli.
ALLIUM CEPA (MITOSIS)ALLIUM CEPA (MITOSIS)
PROPHASE.
Observe the condensing chromosomes (dark regions) in the cell on the upper left in early prophase.
Note the cell on the lower left with more prominent chromosomes and having lost the nuclear envelope.
METAPHASE
This a very nice metaphase cell. Observe the chromosomes(Ch) at the equator of the spindle. The spindle(S) is highly visible. especially on the lower half of the cell.
ANAPHASE
The cell to the left is a nice mid anaphase. If you closely compare the chromosomes with the metaphase cell, you can tell that the chromosomes are now unduplicated.
EARLY TELOPHASE
The arrow is pointing to the spindle of this telophase cell. Also, there is a faint cell plate.
LATE TELOPHASE
Note that the cell plate goes almost all the way across the original cell and the reforming of the nuclear envelope.
CRITERIA MITOSIS AMITOSIS
1. Number of daughter cell produced
2 2
2. Nuclear content separation of chromosomes in the cell nucleus into 2 identical sets
DNA molecule replicates and nucleus divides into 2
3. Nature of daughter cells genetically identical to each other and to the mother cell
genetically identical but smaller in size
4. Rate of division fast slow
5. Cellular changes PMAT then cytokinesis
nucleus and cytoplasm are directly cut into two
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