PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF VACCINATIONS

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF VACCINATIONS

PREVENTING DISEASES IS ESSENTIAL TO CONTROLLING PRODUCTION HEALTH RISKS.

PREVENTING ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEMS INVOLVES • PROPER ANIMAL HUSBANDRY • ADEQUATE NUTRITION (INCLUDING VITAMINS AND

MINERALS)• STRATEGIC USE OF VACCINATIONS.

• VACCINATION PROGRAMS MUST BE CUSTOMIZED FOR YOUR OPERATION.

• WORK WITH A VETERINARIAN FAMILIAR WITH YOUR BEEF CATTLE OPERATION.

• ITEMS TO CONSIDER INCLUDE GEOGRAPHIC REGIONTYPE OF CATTLE OPERATIONFREQUENCY OF INTRODUCING NEW

STOCKEXPORT OR INTERSTATE SHIPPING

REQUIREMENTS.

• FOLLOW MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS

• DOSAGE• METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION • NUMBER OF TIMES GIVEN• PROPER STORAGE.• ADHERE TO DESIGNATED MEAT WITHDRAWAL

TIMES• THE ANNUAL COST OF A VACCINE HEALTH

PROGRAM RANGES FROM $5 TO $12 PER COW-CALF UNIT.

Importance of Nutrition• VACCINATION ALONE WILL NOT

GUARANTEE A HEALTHY HERD. • REQUIREMENTS FOR A VACCINE TO WORK

COMPETENT IMMUNE SYSTEM PROPER NUTRITION

ENERGY, PROTEIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION.• THE BODY CONDITION OF THE COW IS THE

MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND A SUCCESSFUL COW-CALF OPERATION

4 Reasons To Vaccinate Adult Cattle1. SURVIVAL REDWATER

2. ENHANCE REPR0DUCTION AND PROTECT FETUS AGAINST ABORTIONSVIBRIO, LEPTO, IBR, BVD, BRUCELLOSIS AS A HEIFER

3. TO PROTECT NEWBORN BLACKLEG, LEPTO, IBR, BVD, PI3, PASTEURELLA

4. PROVIDE A DISEASE BARRIER IN THE HERD ALL OF THE ABOVE

3 Vaccine Forms

Inactivated or Killed Vaccines• KILLED VACCINES CONTAIN ORGANISMS OR

SUBUNITS THAT HAVE BEEN INACTIVATED DURING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS. THEY DO NOT REPLICATE.

• REQUIRE INITIAL VACCINATION FOLLOWED BY A BOOSTER VACC 3-4 WEEKS LATER.

• ANNUAL BOOSTER VACCINATION IS RECOMMENDED. USE AS EARLY AS 2 MO. AND ARE NOT NEUTRALIZED BY MATERNAL ANTIBODIES.

• EXTREMELY SAFE IN ALL CATTLE • DO NOT REQUIRE MIXING

CAN BE REUSED IF KEPT COLD AND STERILE• EXAMPLES: LEPTO, VIBRIO, PINKEYE, BLACKLEG, BVD,

IBR, BRSV, PI3

Modified Live• MLVS CONTAIN COMPONENTS OF THE ACTUAL PATHOGEN

(ANTIGEN) THAT REPLICATE (REPRODUCE) IN THE ANIMAL’S BODY BEFORE THE RESISTANCE LEVEL IS INCREASED.

• MLVS STIMULATE A STRONG IMMUNE RESPONSE WITH THE FIRST INJECTION AND USUALLY DO NOT REQUIRE A BOOSTER VACCINATION.

• MLVS MUST BE MIXED TO BE ACTIVATED USED WITHIN 1 HOUR POST MIXING ARE LIGHT SENSITIVE AND MUST BE KEPT COLD

• EXAMPLES BRUCELLOSIS VACCINE, AND SOME RESPIRATORY VIRUSES SUCH AS BVD, IBR AND PI3

• MOST MODIFIED LIVE VACCINES ARE NOT LABELED FOR PREGNANT ANIMALS

• THEY ARE INACTIVATED OR NEUTRALIZED IN THE PRESENCE OF MATERNAL ANTIBODIES.

• THEY ARE USED PRIMARILY IN CALVES GREATER THAN 6 MONTHS OF AGE AND IN HEIFERS PRIOR TO FIRST BREEDING.

Intra-Nasal Vaccines• INTRA-NASAL VACCINES: REPLICATING VACCINES

THAT REPLICATE ONLY IN SURFACE CELLS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT.

PROVIDE RESISTANCE WITHIN 48 HOURS OF ADMINISTRATION. SHORTLIVED PROTECTION

BOOSTER VACC 3 WEEKS LATER WITH A MLV OR KILLED VACC STIMULATES A HIGH LEVEL OF RESISTANCE (HIGH ANTIBODY LEVELS) FOR A LONGER PERIOD.• ROUTINELY USED ON THE RECEIVING END WHEN

SHIPPED FOR PRECONDITIONING, STOCKER OR FEEDLOTS

• EXAMPLES NASAL IBR | NASAL PI3

What Are The Diseases?

Bacterial Diseases• BLACKLEG (CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI)

HIGHLY FATAL TO YOUNG CATTLE. ACUTE DEATH.• PASTEURELLOSIS (MANNHEIMIA

HAEMOLYTICA) CAUSES SHIPPING FEVER PNEUMONIA OFTEN AFTER INFECTION WITH ONE OF THE RESPIRATORY VIRUSES SUCH AS IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV

• PINKEYE (MORAXELLA BOVIS) CONTAGIOUS INFECTION OF THE EYE SPREAD BY FLYS

DRAINAGE AND ULCERATIONS

VIBRIOSIS (CAMPYLOBACTOR FETUS) VENEREAL DISEASE RESULTING IN FAILURE OF EARLY PREGNANCY AND EXTENDED BREEDING SEASONLEPTOSPIROSIS (5 STRAINS OR VARIETIES) CAUSES KIDNEY DISEASE, ABORTION IN PREGNANT FEMALES AND SICKNESS IN CALVESHAEMOPHILUS (HISTOPHILUS SOMNI) A BACTERIUM THAT CAN CAUSE SEPTICEMIA, RESPIRATORY, NERVOUS SYSTEM, REPRODUCTIVE DISEASES, ARTHRITIS, MYOCARDITIS

• CALFHOOD VACCINATION VACC AGAINST BRUCELLA ABORTUS FOR HEIFERS BETWEEN 4 AND 11 MONTHS OLD

• ANAPLASMOSIS AN OFTEN FATAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF CATTLE CAUSED BY A MICROSCOPIC PARASITE OF RED BLOOD CELLS, SPREAD BY TICKS OR HORSEFLY BITES OR BY REUSING NEEDLES OR INSTRUMENTS BETWEEN INFECTED ANIMALS. A VACCINE IS AVAILABLE WITH A CONDITIONAL USDA LICENSE, BUT UNLESS THE RISK IS HIGH, A ROUTINE VACCINATION FOR ANAPLASMOSIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED.

• TRICHOMONIASIS (TRICHOMONAS FOETUS) PROTOZOA VENEREAL DISEASE RESULTING IN FAILURE OF EARLY PREGNANCY AND EXTENDED BREEDING SEASONS

Viral Diseases• BVD (BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHEA)

RESULTS IN PROBLEMS, SUCH AS DAMAGE TO THE DIGESTIVE AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS, PNEUMONIA, ABORTIONS, CALF DEFORMITIES, AND OTHERS.

• IBR (INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS) HERPES VIRUS, RESULTING IN RESPIRATORY SIGNS, REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE, AND ABORTIONS. SOMETIMES CALLED RED NOSE

OFTEN INITIATES THE SHIPPING FEVER COMPLEX.• PI3 (PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS)

CAUSES RESPIRATORY DISEASE.• BRSV (BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS)

CAUSES SEVERE, ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE, ESPECIALLY IN YOUNG CATTLE.

Vaccination Schedule

Cows and Bulls Vaccine IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)……..Recommended /

Annual BVD (Bovine viral diarrhea)……………………Recommended /

Annual PI3 (Parainfluenza)……………………………..Recommended / Annual BRSV (Bovine resp. syncytial virus)……………Recommended /

Annual Leptospirosis (5-Way)……………………………Recommended / Annual

(or 2x/yr depending on challenge) Vibriosis (30-60 dys before breeding)………Recommended /

Annual Blackleg (8 way)…………………………………Recommended / Annual Trichomoniasis (30-60 dys before breeding)……….Optional /

Annual Pinkeye……………………………………………………..Optional / Annual

CalvesBlackleg (7 way)………………..Recommend / Preweaning 2xIBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV…………........Recommend / Preweaning 2xLepto 5………………………………..Recommend / PreweaningBrucellosis………………………..Recommend / (Heifers 4-11m)Pasteurella……………………….......Recommend / for keepers (Ideally 30 days preweaning)Haemophilus somnus…………………………………......OptionalPinkeye………………………………………………………Optional

Replacement HeifersBrucellosis……………………………….Calfhood (4-12 months)IBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV………………………………..Prior to breedingVibriosis……………………………………………Prior to breedingLeptospirosis (5 way)……………………………Prior to breedingBlackleg (8 way)…………………………………Prior to breedingTrichomoniasis……………………………………Prior to breeding