Transcript
Class Name,Instructor Name
Date, Semester
CHAPTER 1
FOUNDATIONS OF CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Identify how research affects criminal investigation.
Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation.
Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning.
Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as criminal investigator.
Explain the history of criminal investigations.
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
1.6
1.7 Describe the preliminary investigation process.
Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation.
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Explain the history of criminal investigation.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.1
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved5
1.1
Scotland Yard
Bow Street
Runners
The Watch of London
U.S. Law Enforcement: English Heritage
London Metropolitan
Police
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved6
1.1
The Pinkerton National
Detective Agency
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Current Practice
Forensic ScienceFBI
1.1
2011194819241837
Boston P.D.
Criminal Investigation in America
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved8
1.1
Fingerprint Technology
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Identify how research affects criminal investigation.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.2
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Examination of Individual’s
DNA to Answer Questions
Relating to a Crime or Even
Paternity
Combination of Archaeological
Techniques and Forensic
Science
Application of Physical
Anthropology in a Legal Setting. Usually Involves
Recovery and Identification
of Skeletal Remains
AKA—Computer Forensics. Used to
Recover Data From
Electronic and Digital Media
Examination of Biological Evidence,
Trace Evidence,
Impression Evidence, Ballistics, Firearms,
and Tool Marks
ForensicDNA
1.2
Forensic Archaeolog
y
Forensic Anthropolo
gy
Digital Forensics
Criminalistics
Computational
Forensics
Development of Algorithms and Software
to Assist Forensic
Examination
Modern Fields of Forensic Science
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Principles of Medicine and Pathology Are
Applied to Determine
Cause of Death
Study of the Teeth
Site Specific Analysis of
Past Weather Conditions
Communication Designed to
Elicit Information
and Evidence
Examination of Trace Evidence in the Form of Soils, Minerals, and Petroleum
ForensicPathology
1.2
ForensicOdontology
Forensic Meteorolog
y
ForensicInterviewin
g
Forensic Geology
ForensicEntomolog
y
Examination of Insects in, on, and Around
Human Remains to
Assist in Determination
of Time or Location of
Death
Modern Fields of Forensic Science
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Forensics Applied to
Crimes Involving Animals
Comparative Examination of
Documents, Including
Handwriting
Study of the Effects of Drugs and
Poisons on or in the Human
Body
1.2
Veterinary
Forensics
ForensicDocumen
tExaminatio
n
ForensicToxicolog
y
Forensic Psycholo
gy
Study of the Mind of an Individual
Using Forensic Methods. Study of Criminal Behavior
Modern Fields of Forensic Science
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.2
The RANDCorporation
Study
The PERFStudy
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Discuss the objectives of criminal investigations.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.3
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Arrests Prosecution QualificationPersonnelPerformance
1.3
Public—Victim
Satisfaction
Field Operations
Gathering Information
Personal Traits
Qualities Involved in Investigative Performance
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.4
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
17
1.4
Critical Thinking
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved18 © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Modes
Proactive
ReactivePreventive
1.4
Modes of Investigation
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved19 © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Crime Victim
Local Police Detective
SANE Nurse Crime Lab Analyst
1.4
Example of Multiple Agencies Involved in the Investigation of a Sexual Assault
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as criminal investigator.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.5
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved2
1
1.5
Police Specialist
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.5
Personal Backgroun
d
SuspectedViolations
ofCriminal
Law
Infractions of Civil Law
Vice (drug and Organized
crime)
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved2
3
1.5
Crime Scene Investigators
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
StreetKnowledge Teamwork Persistence Reliability
Intuition Stability Judgment
Investigative Traits Most Commonly Desired
1.5
Motivation
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Dedication Integrity
Investigative Traits Most Commonly Desired
1.5
Intelligence
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved2
6
1.5
Processing Crime Scenes
Processing Evidence
Conducting Interviews
Expanding the Role of Patrol Officers
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved2
7
1.5
Evaluate and Protect the Crime Scene
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.6
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.6
2. Name(s)
of the Suspect(s)
3. Information about the Suspect’s Location
4. Information about the Suspect’s
Description
Solvability Factors
1. Immediate
Availability of Witnesses
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.6
6. Information about the
Suspect’s Vehicle and Vehicle Movement
7. Information
about Traceable Property
8. Information
about Significant Physical Evidence
Solvability Factors
5. Information about the Suspect’s
Identification
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.6
10 . Discoveryof Useful Physical Evidence
11. Judgment by the
Patrol Officer that there is sufficient information available to conclude that the
suspect committed the crime
12. Judgment by the Patrol Officer on Case Disposition
Solvability Factors
9. Information
about significant MO
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Describe the preliminary investigation process.
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.7
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved3
3
1.7
Respond to the Crime
Scene
Aid Victim and/or Handle
Emergencies
Evaluate and Protect the Crime
Scene
Gather and Document
Information and
Evidence
The Preliminary Investigation
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved3
4
1.7
Responding to the Crime Scene
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved3
5
1.7
Aid Victim and/or Handle Emergencies
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved3
6
1.7
Gather and Document Information and Evidence
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Investigations can be proactive, reactive, or preventative.
Objectives of criminal investigations are detecting crime, locating and identifying suspects, and documenting and
preserving evidence.
The criminal investigator draws conclusionsthrough a process of reasoning.
The traditionally limited responsibility of thepatrol officer has expanded.
Our current system of criminal investigation is a product of our English heritage and occurrences
and events taking place here in the United States
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1.6
1.7The preliminary investigation process includes
securing the scene, arresting perpetrators, providing first aid to the injured, and identifying
witnesses.
Solvability factors are identification leads that have proven to be valuable and are most likely to result in case
solution.
top related