Population & Urbanization. Identify factors that affect the size & structure of populations & explain how sociologists measure these factors. Summarize.

CHAPTER 16.1

Population & Urbanization

OBJECTIVES Identify factors that affect the

size & structure of populations & explain how sociologists measure these factors.

Summarize how sociologists explain population change & describe the programs that have been instituted to control population growth.

POPULATION the number

of people living in an area at a particular time

DEMOGRAPHY area of sociology devoted to the study of human populations

MEASURING POPULATION

CHANGE

BIRTHRATE annual number of live births per 1,000

members of the population

Live Births Birthrate = Total Population X 1,000

DEATH RATE annual deaths per

1,000 members of the population

mortality: number of deaths within society

infant mortality rate: annual number of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 members of the population

MIGRATION RATE annual difference between in-

migration & out-migration

GROWTH RATE the rate at which a

country’s population is increasingcalculated by

subtracting the death rate from the birthrate

usually expressed as a percentage

EXPLAINING POPULATION CHANGE

Thomas Malthus geometric

progression of population vs. arithmetic progression of food supply

Malthusian checks/limits: war disease famine natural disasters

population is based on technological advancement (capital)

3 main stages: High BR, High DR High BR, Low DR Low BR, Low DR

zero-population growth = equal BR & DR

Demographic Transition Theory

Malthusian Theory

POPULATION CHANGE VIDEOS Malthus &

Geography

Demographic Transition: Visual Model

CONTROLLING POPULATION GROWTH

FAMILY PLANNING the conscious

decision by couples to have a certain number of children

antinatalism: official policies used to discourage couples from having children

ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENTS belief that better

health, higher levels of income & education will lower birthrates

some argue that economic redistribution would reduce poverty and allow this to happen

CHAPTER 16: CLASSWORK Page 419: #2-3 Page 431: #3-4 Page 432: #1-10 Identifying People &

Ideas Page 432: #1-5 Understanding Main

Ideas Page 433: #1-4 Building Social Studies

Skills

ACTIVITY:POPULATION CONTROL PROPOSAL Either on your own or with a partner, create a

proposal to be given to a group of world leaders on the topic of world population control.

Be sure to include your methods, a timetable, hypothesis on the effectiveness of your plan & a reasoning for your decision.

Your proposal should take the following into account: Ethics regarding war, infanticide & population

limitation Economic issues Practicality of implementation Response of the population (push back)