Transcript
Pneumatics Technology
• Air is used as a medium to transmit power
ADVANTAGES:
• Low Cost as compared to other systems
• Choice of Movement i.e linear and rotory
• Storage of compressed air is easy
• Reliability
• Speed Control
• Simple in design and control
• Safety
• Clean System
Pneumatics Applications Operation of Heavy Doors
Clamping Operations
Pick & Place Operations i.e Material Transfer
Shearing & Punch Presses
Forming Operations
Machine tools, work or tool feeding
Pneumatic Robots
Bottling & Filling Machines
MAIN COMPONENTS
• A source of energy supply i.e. Air Compressor
• Air Receiver
• Air Cleaning/ conditioning system
• Pipe Network
• Pressure Control Elements
• Flow Control Elements
• Direction Control Elements
• ACTUATORS ( for delivery of mechanical work)
Displacement Compressors
Reciprocating Rotary
Diaphragm(3-5 bar)
Free from OilFood, Pharma Inds.
Vane ScrewPiston
(3 -7 bar range)
• Compressor Rating – described as displaced volume
• Q (lt/min) = piston area x stroke length x number of cylinders x rpm
• Specific Energy Consumption –
1 kW of electrical energy is needed for production of 120 -150 l/min of compressed air at 7 bar .
• Pressure Rating –
SI Units - Pascal (Pa) , 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Metric Units – bar , 100,000 Pa = 1 bar OR
kgf/cm2 , 1 kgf/cm2 = 0.98066 bar , = 14.22 psi
English Units – lbf/sq. inch (psi), 1 bar = 14.5 psi
AIR RECEIVER
FUNCTIONS
• Store sufficient amount of air.
• Cooling of air
• Oil separation
• Moisture Condensation
SIZING AIR RECEIVER
Air receiver Capacity = Compressor output of compressed air/min.
(Not Free Air Delivery)
EXAMPLE:
Compressor Delivery = 18 m3/min (free air) at 7 bar
COMPRESSED AIR OUTPUT = 18000/7 = 2500 litres (approx) = RECEIVER SIZE
ACTUATORS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
FORWARD
BACKWARD
NEED OF A DCV ?
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
• Determines the direction of air flow.
• Described in terms of –
Number of Ports
Number of Positions
Normal Position
Method of Actuation
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES
METHODS OF ACTUATION
Manual
Pneumatic Pilot
Solenoid
Solenoid Pilot
CHECK VALVE
TWIN PRESSURE VALVE
• AND LOGIC Device
SHUTTLE VALVE
QUICK EXHAUST VALVE• Allows increased speed of piston by exhausting the cylinder directly to its port
FLOW CONTROL VALVE
FLOW CONTROL VALVE
TIME DELAY VALVE
TIME DELAY VALVE