Transcript
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Objectives
At the end of the session, the learners are
expected to:
Determine the factors that influenced the
development of Philippine literature,
Trace the development of Philippine
literature,
Exercise teamwork in group activities.
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Works that influenced the views on
the Philippines political and
economic history:A History of the Filipino People by
Teodoro A. Agoncilio
The Philippines: A Past RevisitedbyRenato E. Constantino
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Literary Periods
Before Spanish Colonialism
During Spanish Colonialism
Under the American Influence
The Post-War Era
The Present Time
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1. Before Spanish Colonialism
Existence of a native syllabry
Prof E. Arsenio Manuel recorded folk epicssuch as:
a. Lam-AngIlocano Christian epicb. Hudhudcame from the Ifugao of theMountain Province
c. Hinilawodpagan epic from the Sulod of
Panayd. Darangan/ Darangenepic of theMaranaos
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Lyric poems
a. ambahanshort poems ofmonoriming heptasyllabic lines; uses
metaphorical language in order to
comment on human situations that are
compared to equivalent phenomena innature; originated from the Hanunoo-
Mangyans
b. tanagacomes from the Tagalogs;similar to the ambahan
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Prose
-came in the form of myths, hero tales,legends, fables
-famous prose collections written orcompiled by Americans:
a. Traditions of the Tinguian (1915) byFay-Cooper Cole
b. Philippine Folk Tales(1916) by Coles
wife, Mabel Cook Colec. Philippine Popular Tales (1921) byDean S. Fansler
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Ritual and dance
-drama as mimetic dances-priests/priestess presided the
ceremonies
-traces of Indian Arabic, Malay andChinese influences were evident
-Examples of rituals:
a. Chalong of the Ifugaob. Pag-Huaga
c. Pagdiwatafrom the Tagbanwa
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2. During Spanish Colonialism
Religion exerted the most influence in
literature
Secular literature was transmitted orally
Gaspar Aquino de Belenfirst Filipino
literary artist whose work,Ang Pasion ni
Jesu Cristong Panginoon Natin (1704),
was published. Sinakulo plays became popular.
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Secular Literature
a. Komedyarose during the 2nd half of the
18th c.; plots based on medieval Spanishballads
-became known as moro-moro
-Jose dela Cruz (1746-1829) was theforemost exponent of the genre.
b. Awit and Koridoboth narrative poemsbased on the Spanish ballad
-Awit consists of four monorimingdodecasyllabic lines; thestrophe of thekorido is four moniriming octosyllabic lines
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-Francisco Baltazar or Balagtas promoted
the awit. Three of his masterworks are:
a. La India Elegante y el Negrito Amante
(farce)
b. Orosman at Zafira (1857-60), a
comedia
c. Pinagdaanang Buhayni Florante at
Laura sa Cahariang Albania (ed. 1838)
Prose and Realism-rise of the printing press in the 19th
century
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-Modesto de Castros book of manners,Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si
Urbana at si Feliza (1864)-Fernando Bagongbanta and Tomas Pinpin
wrote in Spanish
-Pedro Paternos (1857-1911) collection of
poems, Sampaguitas (1880), ushers a newform of national consciousness
-His other work, Ninay(1885), was the firstFilipino novel.
-Jose P. Rizal (1861-1896) becomes theguiding spirit of the Propagandamovement.
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-wrote the novels, Noli Me Tangere
(1887) and El Filibusterismo (1889), andthe poem, Mi Ultimo Adios
-Emilio Jacintos essays collected under
the title Liwanag at Dilim and Andres
Bonifacios poems such as KatapusangHibik ng Filipinas highlighted the theme
of freedom from colonial rule.
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Under the American
Influence (1898-1946) U.S. imposed English as the medium of
instruction.
Newspapers and magazines appear in
the mainstream.
Classification of writings: (1) Romantic,
(2) Realistic
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Writers who continued to write in
Spanish:a. Fernando Ma. Guerrero (1873-1929)-
Crisalidas (1914), collection of poems
b. Cecilio Apostol (1877-1936)-
Pentelicas (1941)
c. Jesus Balmori (1886-1948)- Mi Casa
de Nipa (1938), best of Balmoris four
books of verse
Lope K. Santos Ang Panggingera
combines the Balagtas and Rizal
traditions
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Jose Corazon de Jesus (1896-1932) or
Batutewrote Mga Dahong Ginto
(Pages of Gold, 1920), Mga Tulang
Ginto ni Jose Corazon de Jesus (1958),
Buhay at Pag-Ibig, Mga Piling Tula
(1973); penned a column in BuhayManila (Life in Manila)
First decade of the 20th century saw the
rise of English writing Jose Garcia Villa (1906-1997)Many
Voices (1939)
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Alejandro G. Abadilla (1904-1969)-Ako
ang Daigdig
Amado V. Hernandez (103-1970)-
Kayumanggi
Komedya retains its stature as drama.
Zarzuela was Filipinized by the 19th
century.
Dramatists:
a. Aurelio Tolentino (1868-1915)-Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas
b. Juan Abad (1872-1932)- Tanikalang
Ginto
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c. Severino Reyes (1861-1942)wrote
sarswela and Walang Sugat; attackedthe komedya
d. Patricio Mariano (1877-1935)- Anak
ng Dagat (1922)
e. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1917-1995)
Forsaken House and Frustration
Hollywood films arrive; students begin to
write one-act plays.
Serialization of novels in newspapers
begin.
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Novelists:
a. Valeriano Hernandez Pea (1858-1922)exponent of the romantic novel;
wrote Nena at Neneng (1903)
b. Iigo Ed. Regalado (1888-1976)-
May Pagsintay Walang Puso (1921)
c. Lope K. Santos- Banaag at Sikat
(1904)
d. Faustino Aguilar (1882-1955)-
Pinaglahuan (1907), Lihim ng Isang
Pulo (1926)
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e. Juan C. Laya (1911-1952)- His Native
Soil, first Filipino novel in English
Short story masters:
a. Arturo B. Rotor (1907-1988)- The
Wound and the Scar
b. Manuel E. Arguilla (1910-1944)- Howmy Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
and Other Stories
c. Tagalog writers: Deogracias A.Rosario (1894-1936) and Jesus A. Arceo
(1915-)
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Important literary traditions:
a. Arts for arts sake-Jose Garcia Villab. Proletarian literature-Salvador Lopez
Japanese pushed for the use of Tagalog
and de-emphasized English
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Post-War Period
Lumbera classifies the period as
Contemporary Philippine Writing (1946-
1975)
Entry of new Criticism
Resurgence of nationalist movement
with students as core
Imposition of Martial Law
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3 poets who made an impact during the
period:a. Amado Hernandez
b. Jose Garcia Villa
c. Alejandro Abadilla Other writers:
a. Carlos Angeles- A Stun of Jewels
b. Teo S. Baylen Tinig ng Daratingc. Alejandro Hufana- Poro Point
Anthology
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d. Epifanio San Juan- Maliwalu, God
Kissing Carrion, The Exorcism and
Other Poemse. Rolando Tinio- Sitsit ng Kuliglig,
Dunung-Dunungan
f. Virgilio Almario- Ang Makata saPanahon ng Makina, Makinasasyon,
Peregrinasyon
g. Cirilo F. Bautista
h. Lamberto Antonio
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