Pesticides in land and water. About 1 billion pounds of pesticides are applied each year Agriculture now accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total pesticide.
Post on 16-Dec-2015
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About 1 billion pounds of pesticides are applied each year
• Agriculture now accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total pesticide use.
• Most agricultural pesticides are herbicides, which account for about 60 percent of the agricultural use
• Applying pesticides has caused pollution to land and water resource.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1225/html/sources.html
Current issues
• Local and regional management of pesticide use can go a long way toward improving water-quality conditions.
http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/water_nonpoint_source.shtml
Why?
• Streams and groundwater in basins with significant agricultural or urban development almost always contain complex mixtures of nutrients and pesticides.
What are the mixtures?
• Chemicals in current use • Chemicals in historically use.(E.x: DDT )• Chemical breakdown products
Land use relates to chemicals/nutrients applied.
• Types • Concentrations
Examples: - Fertilizers, pesticides applied in agri-cultural and urban areas. - Nutrients from animal and human wastes.
Pesticides contaminate groundwater
• Half of population drink groundwater.• Especially those who live in the agricultural areas,
about 95% population relies upon groundwater for drinking water.
• Pesticides can reach water-bearing aquifers below ground from applications onto crop fields, seepage of contaminated surface water, accidental spills and leaks, improper disposal, and even through injection waste material into wells.
RELATIVE LEVEL OF CONTAMINATION
Urban areas Agriculturalareas Undevelopedareas
Nitrogen Medium Medium-High Low
Phosphorus Medium-High Medium-High Low
Herbicides Medium Low-High No data
Currently usedinsecticides
Medium-High Low-Medium No data
Historically used insecticides
Medium-High Low-high Low
Streams
RELATIVE LEVEL OF CONTAMINATION
Urban areas Agricultural areas
Nitrogen Medium High
Phosphorus Low Low
Herbicides Medium Medium-High
Currently used insecticides Low-Medium Low-Medium
Historically used insecticide Low- High Low-High
Shallow Ground Water
Warnings or caution of statement
• what ways the product may be poisonous. • how to avoid poisoning.• If highly toxic, must inform physicians of the
proper treatment for poisoning.
Misuse Statement
• To use a pesticide product in any manner inconsistent with its labeling is a violation of federal law.
• How to dispose chemicals and containers
Re-entry statement
• how much time must pass before people can re-enter a treated area without appropriate protective clothing and equipment.
Direction for use
• How to use the product properly within its legal requirements to get the best results.
Reference
• MSU Extension. http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/freepubs/pdfs/UO215.pdf
• Clark County Washington, http://www.clark.wa.gov/recycle/A-Z/Materials/pesticidelabel.html
• USGS, https://water.usgs.gov/edu/pesticidesgw.html
• Policy Almanac, http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/water_nonpoint_source.shtml
• USGS, http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1225/html/sources.htm
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