Parts of Speech. nounverb pro. adj.adv. interj. prep. conj.

Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech

noun verbpro.

adj. adv.

interj.

prep.

conj.

Kinds of Sentencesdeclarative - makes a statement and ends with a period.

Example: The house will be built on a hill.

interrogative - asks a question and ends with a question mark.

Example: How did you find the card?

exclamatory - shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark.

Example: The monster is attacking!

imperative - gives a command.Example: Cheryl, try the other door.

sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood.

Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)

The Clause

S subject

P predicate (verb)

dependentindependen

t

Dependent or subordinate clauses are

introduced with subordinating conjunctions:

The Dependent/Subordinate Clause

after even though than while

although if that whetheras in order that thoughas if rather than unlessbecause since until before so that when

Groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in the phrases function as a

single part of speech.

The Phrase

prepositional - preposition + object and modifiers; act as adjectives or adverbs

infinitive - “to” + verb; act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns

appositive - renames, or identifies, a noun or pronoun

participial - past or present verb form + modifiers; acts as an adjective

gerund - an “-ing” verb form + its complements and modifiers; acts as a noun

absolute - a noun or pronoun followed by a participle

Clauses and PunctuationA dependent clause that appears at the beginning of a sentence must be separated from the independent clause in the sentence by a comma.

D,IAfter it snowed, the earth appeared serene and

magical. When two independent clauses are joined together in one sentence without a coordinating conjunction, they must be separated by a semicolon.

 I;IThe monkey climbed; he liked the tall tree.

When two independent clauses are joined into one sentence by a coordinating conjunction such as “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” or “so,” the writer must place a comma before the coordinating conjunction.

I,ccIJessica loves John, and John loves Jenny.

 I,ccI

D, I

I D

I, cc I

I;I

complex

compound

subject

predicate

D.O. I.O.

S.C.

You must have agreement oryour sentence is dead.

The flower are here.

antecedent

pronoun

You must also have pronoun antecedent agreement,or your sentence is dead.

The artist went to the store; they needed paint.

subject

D.O.

S.C.L.V.

A.V. I.O.

The Logic of Sentence Analysis

If the verb is action, then Do not look for a subject complement. Look for a direct object. If you find a direct object, then Look for an indirect object.

Find the subject/predicate set.

Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?

If the verb is linking, then Do not look for a direct object. Look for a subject complement.

Four-Level Sentence Analysis

The modesty of the demand shook me.

Parts of Speech:

Parts of Sentence:

Phrases:

Clauses:

adj. noun. prep. adj. noun. v. pro.

subject pred.directobject 

--- prepositional phrase---

one independent clause, simple sentence

diffidence, placid, adhere, quietus, miscreant, quixotic, reproof, condescend, somber, enigma, phlegmatic, undulate, sublime, resolute, strident, din, amicable, amorous, raconteur, profound, dejection, placid, amiably, tedious, mea culpa, perplex, impede, interpose, incisive, impassive, admonish, aperture, avidly, perfidious, miasma, abject, portal, fain, sanguinary, retort, blithe, imperiously, hauteur, patronize, aloof, boon, cypher, wince, defray, genial, cadaverous, artifice, remonstrate, nether, upbraid, solicitous, proffer, conveyance, mauve, hitherto, succulent, ardent, tremulous, recriminate, assail, virulent, insinuate

Peter PanBy James M. Barrie

vulnerable, reserved, privy, feigned, levity, revelation, plagiaristic, scorn, marred, suppressions, fundamental, decencies, parceled, conduct, corky, founded, riotous, imperceptibly, glimpses, exempt, unaffected, abortive, prominent, bungalow, conferred, conviction, epigram, shrill, contour, perpetual, courtesy, phenomenon, superficial, bizarre, divan, colossal, eyesore, proximity, acute, anticlimax, reproach, gayety, wistfully, feebly, turbulence, irrecoverable, supercilious, effeminate, leverage, coherence, sophisticated, fractiousness, defiant, vista, pungent, ajar, buoyed, cynical, conscientious, murmur, surname, irrelevant, skepticism, gay, ecstatically, desolate, mourning, wail, claret, decisively, deft, retorted, incredulously, accentuated, reciprocal, wan, contemptuously, imperatively, languidly, diminished, settee, radiantly, hulking, unobtrusively, bantering, bellows, pessimist, ferociously, fervent, infinitesimal, pathetic, verandas, content, extemporizing, devoid, subdued, audible, verge, ceased, nightingale, decisively, hardy, intriguing, vigil, tangible, turbulent, sedative, ether, compel, crimson, glinted, asserted, rotogravure, anon, peremptorily, corroborated, libel, banns, egotism, wayside, roller, silhouette, intimation

The Great Gatsby

Chapter OneBy F. Scott Fitzgerald

ante (before) antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior,

antemeridiem, antepenult

anti (against) anti-aircraft, antibody, anticlimax, anticline, antitoxin, antithesis

Stem Definition Examples:

anthropo (human being) misanthrope, anthropology,

anthropocentric, philanthropic,

auto (self) autocrat, automatic,

autograph, autobiography, automaton

Stem Definition Examples:

bi (two) bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar,

binocular

circum (around) circumnavigate,

circumspect, circumvent, circumlocution

Stem Definition Examples:

com (together) combination, comfort,

complete, commensurate, common, combo

con (together) contract, confidence, confine, confederate, conjunction, contact

Stem Definition Examples:

crat (rule, govern) autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy,

bureaucrat

cred (believe, trust) incredulous, credibility, credence, incredible,

credit, credential

Stem Definition Examples:

de (down, away, from) deposit, descent,

despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish

dis (away) distract, distort, dispute,

dissonant, disperse, dismiss, dissuade

Stem Definition Examples:

equi (equal) equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium

extra (beyond) extraterrestrial,

extraordinary, extravagant, extrovert, extramural

Stem Definition Examples:

grad (step, degree, rank) gradual, graduate,

gradation, grade, gradum

grat (pleasing, thankful) grateful, gratitude,

ingratiate, congratulate, gratify

Stem Definition Examples:

inter (between) international,

interdepartmental, interstellar, interject,

interlude

intra (within) intracellular, intravenous,

intracranial, intrastate, intrauterine

Stem Definition Examples:

intro (into) introduce, introspective,

introvert, introject, introrse, intromission

in (not, go into) inaccurate, incongruous,

indolence, insidious, inhabit, invoke

Stem Definition Examples:

logy (study or theory of) biology, ecology, geology,

cosmology, sociology, etymology

lat (side or wide) lateral, bilateral, latitude,

latitudinal

Stem Definition Examples:

logue (speech, word, idea, reason)

prologue, dialogue, monologue, epilogue,

logical , logotype

mis (bad) misfit, mistake, misfortune,

misfire, misery, miser, misdeed

Stem Definition Examples:

mal (bad) maladjusted, malfunction,

malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent

non (not) nonstop, nonprofit, none,

nonchalant, nonconformity

Stem Definition Examples:

post (after) postgraduate,

posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior,

pre (before) prelude, preposition,

premonition, premature, predict, predecessor

Stem Definition Examples:

pro (forward) promote, protagonist, produce, proficient,

progress,

per (through) percolate, pervasive,

permeate, perfunctory, perspective, perceive

Stem Definition Examples:

semi (half) semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly,

semiannual,

sub (under, beneath) subterranean, subtract, subterfuge subservient,

subordinate,

Stem Definition Examples:

super (over) supervise, superb,

superior, superfluous, supercilious,

syn (together) synthetic, synchronize, syndrome, synonym,

synopsis, syntax

Stem Definition Examples:

spect (see, look, behold) spectator, introspective,

spectacle, inspect, spectacular

sol (sun, alone) solstice, solarium, solar, solo, solitary, soliloquy

Stem Definition Examples:

sym (together) sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry,

symphony, symposium

tri (three) tricycle, triangle, triceps,

triad, trichotomy, triceratops, trivia

Stem Definition Examples:

un (not) unfit, unequal, undone, unequivocal, unearned,

unconventional, untenable

Stem Definition Examples:

ver (truth) verify, verdant, vernacular,

veracity, verbatim, veritable,

Stem Definition Examples: