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Transcription1

Transcription 2

Translation1

Translation2

Mutations

Where does transcription take place? (name part of eukaryotic cell)What are copied from DNA during transcription?

In the nucleus!Produces RNA

(mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)Transcription #1 100

What are the sites on Prokaryotes called that regulate gene expression during transcription?

Why is gene regulation important in Eukaryotes?

Regulatory Sites Without these gene expression could not be controlled (turn on or off) in Prokaryotes

RegulatorySites

Transcription #1 200

Gene regulation in Eukaryotes allows for cell specialization

What is the function of the promoter?

Binding site of the RNA Polymerase to begin making

mRNA

Transcription #1 300

An ______________is a group of genes that work together to

regulate transcription in prokaryotes

Operon

Transcription #1 400

How does the lac repressor turn off the lac genes in the lac operon?

By binding to the operator and blocking transcription by RNA Polymerase

Transcription #1 500

Transcribe this DNA strand into mRNA…

T A C A C G C A G T C A (DNA)

mRNA

T A C A C G C A G A T T (DNA)

A U G U G C G U C U A A(mRNA)

Each codon has 3 nucleotides each

Transcription #2 100

What is the entire process of transcription and translation

called?

Protein SynthesisTranscription #2 200

When an mRNA is being transcribed, what is edited out

and what is kept in?

IntronsOut!

“junk”

Exons In!

Transcription #2 300

What is this object leaving the nucleus after transcription?

Transcription #2 400

mRNA

What is the part of a Eukaryote’s DNA that signals where the RNA

polymerase is to begin transcribing?

Hint:

Transcription #2 500

The TATA Box is the promoterregion in eukaryotes for transcription.

Where does the mRNA go for translation to occur?

Out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Translation #1 100

Cytoplasm

Once the mRNA is in the cytoplasm, what RNA recognizes and wraps around the mRNA?

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)Translation #1 200

Where does the ribosome (rRNA) begin reading the mRNA? What amino acid does this code for?

Begins at the “Start” codon AUG (Remember: It’s the month we start school)

AUG codes for Methionine (Met)

Translation #1 300

What happens to the amino acids that are brought to the ribosome by the

tRNA’s during translation?

Amino Acid

Translation #1 400

The amino acid joins the growing polypeptide chain (protein). The tRNA then leaves to find another amino acid.

Amino Acid

When do tRNA’s stop bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Translation #1 500

When a STOP codon is reached on the mRNA strand.

Translation #1 500

Stop codon

Polypeptide chain released into cytoplasmand the ribosome falls off of the mRNA which is disposed of by the cell.

Translate this mRNA

A U G U G C G U C U A A

mRNA

A U G U G C G U C U A A

Amino Acids

Met Cys Val Stop

This is TRANSLATION!!!Translation #2 100

What does this wheel show?

What process is taking place when you use this wheel?

Translation #2 200

Shows the GENETIC CODE

The process is TRANSLATION

How many codons specify for the amino acid Threonine? What are they?

What is the max possible number of codons for a single amino acid?

Translation #2 300

ThreonineACGACAACCACU

6 is the maximum number or

codons possible for an

amino acid!

What brings the amino acid to the ribosome to make proteins during

translation?

Translation #2 400

tRNAbrings

1 AminoAcid

How many different codons are there?

How many different amino acids are there?

Translation #2 500

Different codons

Different amino acids

What is a gene mutation?Not a real

picture

Change in nucleotide sequence

Mutations for 100

Of the following mutations, which one of these is not a gene mutation?

SubstitutionDeletion InsertionInversion

Gene mutation in mice.

Mutations for 200

Substitution = Point Mutation (gene)Deletion = Frame Shift Mutation (gene)Insertion = Frame Shift Mutation (gene)

Inversion = Chromosomal Mutation

I bet he can catch 3x

more flies!

What type of gene mutation is it when a nucleotide is inserted or

deleted?

Mutations for 300

Frame Shift Gene Mutation

The amino acid sequence is no longer

the same because the codons have

shifted

Name all types of chromosomal mutations

Mutations for 400

What genes control the basic plan for where organs and tissues are to go in an

embryo?

Mutations for 500

Hox GenesNOT a real picture!!!