Transcript
An Introduction to
Paraphrasing &Citation
Plagiarism is…
“the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as your own.”
72%In the United States…
…of students admitted cheating on a written assignment
Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers UniversitySource: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke University, 2003 <http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp>.
If you have… • included the words
and ideas of others in your work that you neglected to cite,
• had help you wouldn’t want your teacher to know about,
YOU HAVE PROBABLY PLAGIARISED!!
Intentional Plagiarism• Copying a friend’s work
• Buying or borrowing paper
• Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting
• Media “borrowing”without documentation
• Web publishing without permissions of creators
What are the Consequences?
Is it worth the risk?
• “0” on the assignment• Referral to administrators• Suspension or dismissal
from school and/or activities
• Note on student record• Loss of reputation among
the school community• Loss of job• Prosecution
SOLUTION?
PARAPHRASING!
Paraphrasing is…
Presenting someone else’s essential ideas and information
in your own language
Why Paraphrase?!
• Avoid plagiarism!
• Provide support (or give examples) for your writing
• Demonstrate you’ve read broadly / deeply
• Highlight / Target a position you wish to support or disagree with
• Highlight ‘cool’ phrases
44STEPS TO PARAPHRASING
#1 Select only the information you need
#2 Use your own words
Use synonyms
More than half of the business women who attended the conference were in business with their husbands
The terrible accident on the Karak Highway was the result of bad weather.
Raw honey is believed to be an ancient treatment for healing wounds.
There has been unrest in most parts of the region due to the civil war.
Interchange active and passive voices
Andrew repaired the machine. The problem was due to the electrical circuits being wired wrongly.
On Tuesday night, a heavy storm ravaged Kuala Lumpur. The storm destroyed dozens of houses and buildings in the inner city.
#3 Give credit to original author
a) Cite it right!
b) Use quotes for key words and
phrases
Examples
“We live in the shadow of the sixties. Of all the artificial constructs by which we delineate our immediate past, ‘the sixties’ have the greatest purchase on the mass imagination. They stand rightly or not, as the dominant myth of the modern era”
Green, J. (1999) All Dressed Up: Sixties and the Counter-Culture, London: Jonathan Cape Ltd
Words to use when citing
• Green (1999) argues…
• Green (1999) reports…
• Green (1999) concludes…
• Green (1999) finds…
• Green (1999) states…
• Green (1999) observes…
• Green (1999) notes…
#4 Compare what you wrote with original text
Check it!
• Are main ideas and substance covered?
• Are there key words and phrases?
• Did you use your own words and modify sentence structure?
• Did you give credit to author?
• Is it at least 60% similar in length?
Spot the mistakes (1)
Copied word for word without attribution - Plagiarism
Original
“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”
Student’s Work
At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.
Spot the mistakes (2)
The 2nd sentence is directly lifted but only the 1st is attributed – Plagiarism
Original
“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”
Student’s Work
Green (1999) points out the inevitability of encountering the word ‘revolution’ when looking at the sixties. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.
Spot the mistakes (3)
This is still plagiarism. The essay example just exchanges one word for another.
Original
“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”
Student’s Work
At the core of any discussion of what occurred during the sixties, one unavoidably meets the word ‘revolution’. For the intention of this discussion, it is necessary to separate the ‘revolution’ into two parts.
Spot the mistakes (4)
The source is correctly referenced. No plagiarism.
Original
“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”
Student’s Work
Green (1999) argues that any discussion of ‘the sixties’ inevitably involves use of the term ‘revolution’. In his book, he chooses to divide this ‘revolution’ into two distinct parts.
Exercises!
Paraphrase the below
“Being overweight can cause sleep problems, including clogged airways that constrain breathing. But because a lack of sleep actually triggers the hormones that boost hunger and appetite, sleeping too little can also rise your chances of getting fat.”
Penn, M. & Zalesne, E. (2007) Microtrends: Surprising tales of the way we live today, London: Penguin
Two other solutions
• Quoting
• Summarizing
Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head.
"Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports(May 1990): 348
Please Summarize
How to Quote
Gore (1992) describes his stance on the preservation of the Pacific Yew, a tree with potentially important medicinal uses:
The Pacific Yew can be cut down and processed to produce a potent chemical, Taxol, which offers some promise of curing certain forms of lung, breast and ovarian cancer in patients who would otherwise quickly die. It seems an easy choice – sacrifice the tree for a human life – until one learns that three trees must be destroyed for each patient treated. (p. 119)
• Point-by-point
• May be long (up to a few paragraphs)
• Includes details
• May have quotes
• Only main ideas
• Usually short (1-2 sentences)
• Avoids details
• No quotes
Both must be in your own words and retain original meaning of author
PARAPHRASE SUMMARY
At KDU, plagiarism is dealt with via an anti-plagiarism system known as Turn-It-In.
SAMPLE!
Get your lecturer to
give you the
CLASS ID and PASSWORD
relevant to your class!
http://tlc-kdu.blogspot.com
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