Transcript
End Use Energy Consumption by Sector (2011-2013)(Total: 58.61 Million TOE)
2%28%
3%
29% 1%
15%
22%
DomesticOther Govt.TransportAgricultureIndustrialCommercialPower
Power Sector takes the largest slice of national energy consumption closely followed by Industrial sector.
Challenges
Sustainability of Indigenous fossil fuels
Sustainability of Environment
Economic Sustainability
Compounding poverty and political fallout
EC Potential in Pakistan
Industry 25%
Transport 20%
Agriculture 20%
Power 30%
Average 24%
Possible Savings for Pakistan by EC
US $ 2 Billion/Year.
Barrier:
Option:
Absence of Legislation
A legislation specifically focused to promote efficient use of energy resources with provision of
Energy reporting
Mandatory audit of major energy consuming entities
Enforcement of standards and labeling,
Investment promotion
Punish the defaulter and reward the energy proficient
Barriers/ Options
Barriers/ Options
Issue:
Option:
Distorted perception of EC
Propagate EC as a means to cut costs, increased production and better profitability through efficiency improvement. It’s a win-win for all stake holders.
(Contd.)
Barrier:
Option:
o Absence of Financing Instruments/Mechanisms
soft leasing.soft loans for energy-conservation
specific projects.the use of micro-finance institutions
need to be explored. Private Public partnership by
facilitating access to appropriate
technology.
(Contd.)
Barrier:
Option:
o Lack of EC culture
o Cultivate a new energy culture through extensive training, pilot initiatives, value engineering, and demonstration to promote energy efficiency in all sectors of economy.
(Contd.)
Barrier:
Option:
Absence of Standardization & Labeling
Need to develop Energy Efficiency Standards in collaboration with relevant stakeholder institutions.
(Contd.)
Issue:
Option:
Lack of Awareness and Education
More resources need to be allocated on a sustainable basis to educate the stakeholders.
Free time for EC on all electronic media by PEMRA be ensured.
Conservation Imperatives
Energy conservation represents least-cost ‘supply’ option. It’s a win-win for all.
Unit of energy saved usually is a fraction of generating additional unit.
Electricity peak load reduction and shifting results in better utilization of existing generation assets.
Gas Consumers
Minimize the use of heaters.
Use solar panel geysers.
Turn on geyser only in the morning.
Repair gas leakages immediately.
Switch off the stove after use.
Cont.
Use pressure cookers as much as possible.
Use lids to cover the pans while cooking.
Bring items taken out of refrigerators (like vegetables, milk etc) to room temperature before placing on the gas stove for heating
ELECTRICITY CONSUMERS
Shift use from peak times. For example, fill the water tank in the early mornings. Avoid ironing during the evenings.
Time of use meters are being installed throughout the country and soon consumers will pay more for electricity in peak time. Beginning to change your behavior now, will help the country avoid load shedding and soon will reduce your energy bill.
Look for energy efficient appliances when replacing an existing appliance
Cont.
The first, most important, measure is to simply turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use daylight to the maximum.
Compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) can be four times as efficient as traditional bulbs. So when replacing lights, upgrade to CFLs.
Use Ceiling fans with electronic regulators.
Operate the ceiling fan along with your window air conditioner to spread the cooled air more effectively throughout the room and operate the air conditioner at higher temperature
Install exhaust fans at a higher elevation than ceiling fans
Cont.
Use sun film, curtains or outside use chicks to block the sun
ACs are one of the biggest contributors summer time power failures. If fan and AC are used together, the temperature can easily be lowered to 24oC
Plant trees to shade air-conditioning units but not to block the airflow. A unit operating in the shade uses as much as 10% less electricity than the same one operating in the sun
When purchasing a new AC, look for one that is energy efficient and has an automatic temperature shut off (Mitsubishi, Samsung)
When purchasing a new fan, look for one that is energy efficient (Royal, Pak, GFC )
Tips for Agriculture Sector
Tune up your tractor and farm machinery regularly
Service your tube well/pumping station regularly
Do not use tube well in morning/evening peak electricity consumption hours
Remember! Irrigation during day time results in vaporization of large quantities of water, which can be saved if crops are irrigated during night time
Rewind the burnt tube-well motor with good quality wire which not only prolongs the motor's life but also reduces your electricity bill
TIPS FOR TRANSPORTERS/VEHICLE OWNERS
Tune up your vehicles regularly after every 15,000 Kms
Opt for joint commuting instead of using individual vehicle
Use bicycle or walk for short trips
Travel off peak hours. Avoid traffic congestion
Accelerate slowly & smoothly.
Avoid jerky starts
Keep air filter clean & change it every 10,000 Kms
Avoid frequent acceleration and braking
Check the brakes for even & adequate braking
Cont.
Check steering system for ease & smoothness of operation
Change oil filter regularly.
Check tyre pressure weekly and wheel alignment every 10,000 Kms
More speed - More fuel. Drive between 65-80 Km/h normally.
Cold engine consumes more fuel
Turn off engine while waiting on traffic signal. Don't idle for more than 1 minute
Check cooling system regularly
Inspect & clean the battery terminals
TIPS FOR BUILDING OWNERS/ CONSTRUCTORS
Determine the orientation of the building on its site
Construct room sizes appropriate from energy stand point
Whitewash the rooms for better use of lights
Use exhaust fans in kitchen/bathrooms
Landscape shading and solar heating absorbed through windows and roofs can increase your air conditioning use. Incorporating shading concept into your landscaping design can help reduce this solar heating gain, reducing your cooling cost.
Use false ceiling in the building.
Cont.
Always opt for the following building and roof insulation
Mud Plaster
Reflective chemicals
Adopt wall paneling on the inside
Plywood paneling
Wood fiber
Lasani sheet
Wall paper
Tips to reduce ENERGY COSTS for INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL CONSUMERS
Devise energy conservation plans to avoid energy losses.
Arrange for regular boiler/ furnace tune ups.
Arrange for Steam System Surveys.
Arrange for Electrical System Surveys.
Switch to energy efficient lighting.
Use high efficiency motors.
Use variable speed drives.
Boilers Caring
A small care of BOILERS guarantees BIG SAVINGS
Tune-up boilers every 3 months.
Install temperature indicator in stack/chimney.
Install flow meters for natural gas and steam in boilers to get exact efficiencies.
Install an economizer to recover the exhaust heat from stack.
Install automatic system for pressure control.
Pre-heat feed water.
Repair damaged insulation and openings.
References
POLICY ISSUES AND OPTIONS IN ENERGY CONSERVATION & EFFICIENCY
Energy Conservation options/Suggestionshttp://www.enercon.gov.pk/
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