Paddy transplanter

MANUAL PADDY TRANSPLANTER

A transplanter is an agricultural machine used for transplanting seedlings to the field.

This is very important as it reduces the time taken to transplant seedlings (when compared to manual transplanting), thus allowing more time for harvesting.

Hence, Paddy Transplanter is one type of transplanter which plants paddy seedlings to the field.

INTRODUCTION

Paddy is the rice grain with husk. It is a wetland crop,

which extensively grows all over the world.

Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions

with low labour costs and high rainfall.

In 20th century, transplanter was invented to plant the

seedling into the land which reduced the human efforts

and consumed less time.

LITERATURE REVIEW

MANUAL METHOD In early days, People used to plant the seedlings by their

hands. They used the ropes to plant the seedlings.

TRANSPLANTER DURING 1960

The first machine to transplant paddy seedlings was

introduced in 1960. The machine consists of a seedling

tray, forks, handle and skids

EXISTING TRANSPLANTER This system was the one which revolutionized and bought

about a quicker and efficient system to plant the paddy

seedlings. It was invented in Japan during 1980.

PROBLEM DEFINITION

The existing paddy transplanter involves the complex mechanism it creates

problem like

Frequent replacements of links,

Farmer cannot repair by their own,

Pulling force required is more.

Costs about Rs. 18000

DESIGNED VIEW

WORKING PRINCIPLE Paddy seedlings are kept in the tray and allowed to flow

down under gravity.

The fork which is attached to shaft picks up the seedlings

from the tray and keeps it in horizontal position on the

skid.

The motion for the shaft is given by hand using chain and

sprocket arrangement.

Here, Simple four bar mechanism is used to plant paddy

seedlings into the land.

FOUR BAR LINKAGE

The four bars in link are as follows

Crank - can rotate a full 360 degrees

Lever - can rotate through a limited range of angles

Connecting rod – connects the crank and lever

Fixed frame – fixed part in linkage.

DIMENSIONS OF FOUR BAR LINKAGE

Length of crank = 3.5 cm

Length of lever = 6 cm

Length of connecting rod = 10 cm

Length of fixed frame = 8 cm

GRASHOF CONDITION

S+L ≤ P+Q

3.5 + 10 ≤ 6+8

13.5 ≤ 14

Hence Grashof condition is satisfied.

CHAINS

The chains are used to transmit the power from hand

driving wheel to the shaft in which forks are attached and

it is also to transmit the power to the four bar mechanism.

Calculation of Chain Length

Length of chain

L = Lp x Pd

Where Lp is the Length of continuous chain in multiples of pitches (i.e. approximate no. of links)

Pd = Pitch diameter

Now to find Pitch diameter Pd,

a = (30-50) Pd

Where a is the center distance and assumed it as 110cm

110 = 50Pd

Pd = 2.2 cm

Now to find length Lp,

Lp = 2ap + (Z1+Z2)/2 + (((Z1-Z2)/(2X3.14))2/ap)

Where ap is the approx. center distance in multiples of pitches

ap = a/P

= 110/2.2

= 50cm

Lp = 2(50) + (58/2) + ((22/(2x3.14))2/50)

= 100 + 29 + 0.25

Lp = 129.25 cm

Length of chain, L = Lp x Pd

= 129.25 x 2.2

L = 284cm

Length of first chain = 284cm

Length of second chain = 85 cm

SPROCKETS

• We use Sprockets for hand driving wheel and in the shaft

for rotating the fork and four bar mechanism.

Calculation of Speed of Rotation

Z1=No. of teeth on sprocket pinion

Z2=No. of teeth on sprocket wheel

N1=Speed of rotation of pinion

N2=Speed of rotation of wheel

Speed of wheel driven by hand N2=25 rpm (optimum value)

No. of teeth in sprocket wheel Z2=40

No. of teeth in sprocket pinion Z1=18

Transmission Ratio ‘i‘ N1/N2= Z2/Z1

Z2/Z1= 40/18= 2.2

Therefore, N1 = 2.2 x 25

Speed of rotation of pinion = 55rpm.

TRAY Tray is used to keep the paddy seedlings on the transplanter.

Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into

thin, flat pieces.

DIMENSIONS OF TRAY

Length of sheet metal = 53.5cm

Breadth of sheet metal = 26 cm

Thickness of sheet metal = 0.1cm

SHAFT Shaft is a revolving rod that transmits motion or power

Here, the one shaft contains forks and another shaft contains

four bar linkage and power is taken from the hand driven

wheel by chains and sprockets.

SHAFT DIMENSIONS:

Length of the shaft = 30 cm (it is space required between the

paddy seedlings)

Diameter of shaft = 2 cm (it is the optimum diameter for

30cm shaft)

FORK Fork is used to pick up the paddy seedling from tray and to

keep it on skid.

There are two forks attached to shaft and distance in

between two fork is 30cm.

The motion to fork is giving by shaft.

Total length of fork is 28cm

FABRICATION OF FOUR BAR LINKAGE

FABRICATION OF FORK

FABRICATION OF TRAY

FABRICATION MODEL

EXISTING MODEL VS PROPOSED MODEL

DESCRIPTION EXISTING MODEL PROPOSED MODEL

WEIGHT 25 17

AMOUNT (Rs.) 18000 7000

ADVANTAGES Reduces the human effort to a maximum extent.

Simple design compared to the existing model.

Easy to repair by Farmers itself and maintenance is less.

Pulling force is greatly reduced by decreasing the weight of

the model .

Cost will be reduced from Rs.18000 to Rs.7000

LIMITATIONS Transplanter can be operated continuously only for 4-5

hours.

Healthy persons can only be able to pull the transplanter.

IN FUTURE This project in the future can come across many changes

like an automatic or semi-automatic system with motor

which runs at constant speed attached to shaft instead of

giving power by hand.

BILL OF MATERIALSl. No. Components Number

of units

Cost (in

Rs)

Material used

1. Plumber block 2 250 Cast iron

2. Chain 2 550 Cast iron

3. Sprockets 6 650 Mild steel

4. Sheet metal - 500 Aluminum

5. Shaft 2 250 Mild steel

6. Four bar linkage 1 300 Mild steel

7. Skid - 450 Mild steel

8. Handle 1 150 Mild steel

9. Bolts and nuts 10 050 Mild steel

10. Fabrication - 1400 -

Total cost 4550

REFERENCES Arafa, G.K Ebaid U.T. and El-Gendy H.A. , “

Development of local machine for transplanting”, Journal of Process Engineering Vol.26,pp.343-358, 2009.

Baqui A. and Latin R M ,”Human energy expenditure in manually operated rice transplanter”, Journal of Africa and Latin America Vol. 19(1):pp. 27-34, 2004.

Prabhu T.J “Design of Transmission Element”,pp.5.1-5.22, 2011.

Goel A C. and Verma K S . , “Comparative study of directly seeding and transplanted rice”, Journal of Indian J. Agril. Research Vol. 34(3):pp 194-196, 2000.

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