P p photosynthesis

BioEnergeticsBioEnergeticsWhere Do Cells Get their Energy?Where Do Cells Get their Energy?

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

RespirationRespiration

Solar Energy

Photosynthesis

Trapping the Sun’s Energy to convert H2O and

CO2 into oxygen and sugar is called glucose C6H12O6

Glucose has

Chemical EnergyFor bonding

Potential Energy

BothBoth

Heterotrophs and Heterotrophs and AutotrophsAutotrophs

Carry OutCarry Out

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Fungi

Protists

Animals

Plants Also

Bacteria

Cellular Respiration

Releasing the energy by breaking down chemical bonds

(Energy is stored in glucose)

ATP

ATPATP

Basic Energy Source Basic Energy Source

For All CellsFor All Cells

Adenosine

ATP

P

P

P

Adenosine

(ADP)P P

Energy

ADP

Cell Activities

Energy needed for:

Active TransportActive Transport Muscle ContractionMuscle Contraction Synthesis of Organic CompoundsSynthesis of Organic Compounds RepairRepair DigestionDigestion

ATP Used For Cellular ATP Used For Cellular ActivitiesActivities

So Folks…So Folks…LetLet’’s put that s put that all togetherall together

Solar EnergyATP:

fuel forcells

CellActivities

CO2 + H20

O2 + C6H12O6

Photosynthesis

light energy to

chemical energy

Glucose

C6H12O6Cellular

Respiration

growthreproduction

active transportmaking proteins

Autotrophs1. Plants2. algae3. Some bacteria

Heterotrophs1.Animals2.Plants3.fungi

Our Focus So Far Has Been OnElements of

Photosynthesis

Lets Review ThemLets Review Them

Lets start with Lets start with chromatographychromatography

Lets take a Lets take a look at look at chloroplastchloroplast, then , then energy energy organelleorganelle

ChlorophyllChlorophyll

If we sliced If we sliced chloroplast, this is chloroplast, this is what it would look what it would look like insidelike inside

Inside the thylakoid Inside the thylakoid is a structure called is a structure called chlorophyll, a chlorophyll, a pigment which pigment which captures the suns captures the suns energy energy

These Pigments Absorb Some These Pigments Absorb Some Wavelengths of Light and Wavelengths of Light and

Reflect OthersReflect Others

Chlorophyll Pigments Chlorophyll Pigments

Chlorophyll aChlorophyll a is most is most common pigment & common pigment & looks bluish-green.looks bluish-green.

Chlorophyll bChlorophyll b looks looks more yellow- green.more yellow- green.

CarotenoidsCarotenoids pigments look yellow pigments look yellow or yellow-orangeor yellow-orange

Chromatography Chromatography

Chromatography can Chromatography can be used to separate be used to separate components of a components of a mixture of molecules.mixture of molecules.

The molecules of the The molecules of the mixture are carried mixture are carried up the paper based up the paper based on its on its molecules sizemolecules size and and solubility solubility propertiesproperties

Accessory pigmentsPigments that

work with chlorophyll a and

also absorb light and transfers it as

energy

The Next Thing We The Next Thing We InvestigatedInvestigated

is is

Where Where PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

HappensHappens

Somewhere Here in LeavesSomewhere Here in Leaves

So Where are all So Where are all thesethese

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

located in complex located in complex

Leaves?Leaves?

We Looked at Lilac LeafWe Looked at Lilac LeafCross SectionsCross Sections

Upper Epidermis

Lower Epidermis

Mesophyll

Palisaide Layer

Spongy Layer

Stom

ate

and

Gua

rd C

ells

Where Does Where Does The Most The Most

PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesis Happen?s Happen?

Cross Section of a leafCross Section of a leaf

Take A Close Up Look AtThese Cells

Palasaide Palasaide CellsCells

Granna

Now We Will Now We Will LookLook at at thethe Process Process

of Photosynthesisof Photosynthesis

But First A But First A QuestionQuestion

????????????????????????

Where Do Where Do PlantsPlants Get Their Get Their

FoodFood??

Formula for Formula for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

COCO22 + H + H220 C0 C66HH1212OO66 + O + O22

sun

enzymes

Photosynthesis in Photosynthesis in leavesleaves

CC66HH1212OO66

Can Be Converted To Other

Organic Compounds

Like Sugars, Starch, Cellulose, Lipids,

Amino Acids,Proteins

Nucleic Acids,And

Others

Sugars, Starches, Proteins, etc

Organic Matter

A Closer A Closer LookLook at at PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Two ReactionsTwo Reactions

Light Dependent ReactionLight Dependent Reaction

Light Independent Light Independent ReactionReaction

NADPNADP++ Nicotinamide Adinine Dinucleotide Nicotinamide Adinine Dinucleotide

PhosphatePhosphate

H + H+ H+ H+H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

H+ H+ H+ H+H+ H+ H+

H+

ATPIs made

Water is Split

H2O O2 + H+

LetLet’’s Keep It Simples Keep It SimpleThree End Products

Of theLight Dependent

Reaction

O2

ATP

NADPH

So Far We HaveH+ and ATP

What Else Do We Need

To Make C6H12O6 ?

Carbon and OxygenAtoms

Where Do We Get Carbon and Oxygen Atoms ?

CO2From the

Atmosphere.04%

The Second Reaction

OfPhotosynthesis

This Process Produces 150,000,000

Box Cars of OrganicMatter / Year

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Is The Most Important Is The Most Important

Biological ProcessBiological ProcessWhich Happens on EarthWhich Happens on Earth

That Makes ChlorophyllThat Makes ChlorophyllThe Most ImportantThe Most ImportantChemical Compound Chemical Compound

On EarthOn Earth

That’s All