OxiMax Bio - F Clear using nature to amend natural disaster Unique systems for removal of fluoride and iron from drinking water HES Water Engineers (India)
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OxiMax Bio - F Clearusing nature to amend natural disaster
Unique systems for removal of fluoride and iron from drinking water
HES Water Engineers (India) Pvt Ltd(Group Company of Water Engineers Australia Pty Ltd, Australia)
K-27, Five Star Industrial Zone, MIDC, Butibori, Nagpur-441122, INDIA
Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371, Fax: 91 7104 265372
E Mail: waterengineersindia@gmail.com, hesweindia@hesweindia.com, hesweindia@yahoo.co.in
Website: www.hesweindia.com
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Worldwide Issues:
Fluoride removal Iron removal
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Aims:
Safety Affordability High adsorption
capacity Steady adsorption
capacity Simple to operate
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Technology Technology DevelopmentDevelopment
Pilo
t T
rail
Activated
and
treatmen
t p
rocess
Bio
-ma
terial
Sc
reen
ing
Defluoride Capacity
Effect of pH
Safety analysis
Defluoridation Efficiency
Effect of co-existing anions
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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What is Bio-F?
• Bio-F is a biological adsorbent, using nature shell as raw material • Porous crystal and hexagonal structure• Insoluble in water• High temperature tolerance• Multi-purpose (Fe, Mn removal) Image of Bio-F x 20
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Bio-F can remove fluoride, iron &
manganese efficiently
1. F adsorption Capacity(48h): 7.77mg/g
2. Mn adsorption Capacity(24h): 3.187mg/g
3. Fe adsorption Capacity(24h): 6.969mg/g
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Bio-F Benefits: Safety High fluoride removal efficiency High fluoride removal capacity Suitable for various water Stable regeneration capability Cost effective
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Bio-F Value Propositions:
Improve Water Quality Fluoride removal >90% Iron removal >82% Manganese removal >70%
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Performance of Bio-F defluoridation equipment:Performance of Bio-F defluoridation equipment: 1 Contact time: 3~5min 2 Feed pressure: <0.3Mpa 3 Work temperature: 5 ~45℃ ℃ 4 Waste Water : <1% 5 Defluoridation efficiency: ＞ 90% 6 Applicable range of raw water pH: 5 ～ 9 7 Total automation 8 Operation cost (electricity & reagent ): ≤Re.1/ m3
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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HarmfulElement
Concentration(mg/kg)
Maximum levels of contaminants in foods
（ mg/kg）
PlumbumPlumbum 0.24 0.02 ( Infant Milk Powder )
hydrargyrumhydrargyrum 0.005 0.01 （ Fresh Milk）－ 0.05 ( Meat & Egg )
arsenicarsenic 0.46 0.05 ( Fresh Milk ) － 1 (Shrimp & Crab)
aluminiumaluminium < 0.5 100 ( Flour Food )
cadmiumcadmium 0.004 0.05 ( Egg )
Safety Evaluation of Bio-f
The above table clearly shows no harmful element exceeds the limits of water quality
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Standards for Drinking Water QualityRaw
WaterProduct Water
Desirable Permissible 458 402
Colour Hazen UnitsColour Hazen Units 5 25 NIL NIL
ODOURODOUR UO UO UO UO
TURBIDITY NTUTURBIDITY NTU 5 10 NIL NIL
DISSOLVED SOLIDS mg/lDISSOLVED SOLIDS mg/l 500 2000 250 380
pHpH 6.5 TO 8.5 No relaxation 7.3 7.58
Total hardness (as Total hardness (as CaCo3) mg/lCaCo3) mg/l
300 600 120 40
Calcium (as Ca) mg/lCalcium (as Ca) mg/l 75 200 38 13
Magnesium (as Mg) mg/lMagnesium (as Mg) mg/l 30 100 6 2
Chlorides (as Cl) mg/lChlorides (as Cl) mg/l 250 1000 48 184
Nitrate (as No3) mg/lNitrate (as No3) mg/l 45 No relaxation 23.92 23.92
Sulphates ( as SO4) mg/lSulphates ( as SO4) mg/l 200 400 40 10
Fluoride (as F) mg/lFluoride (as F) mg/l 1.00 1.50 4.43 0.25
Alkalinity (as CaCo3) mg/lAlkalinity (as CaCo3) mg/l 200 600 104 312
OPINIONOPINION UNFIT FIT
Test Results by GWSSB, Gujarat
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Test results by State Public Health Laboratory, Government of Maharashtra, Pune
Iron Content in PPMSr. No.
Type of Sample
Raw Water before passing through Bio-F Unit
Product Water (10 minutes after passing through Bio-F unit)
Product Water (20 minutes after passing through Bio-F unit)
1 Batch No.1 1.0 0.01 0.02
2 Batch No. 2 10.0 0.17 0.02
3 Batch No. 3 25.0 0.10 0.05
4 Batch No. 4 50.0 0.22 0.08
5 Batch No. 5 Nil Nil Nil
Fluoride Content in PPMSr. No.
Type of Sample
Raw Water before passing through Bio-F Unit
Product Water (10 minutes after passing through Bio-F unit)
Product Water (20 minutes after passing through Bio-F unit)
1 Batch No.1 1.0 0.143 0.112
2 Batch No. 2 5.0 0.177 0.139
3 Batch No. 3 7.0 0.211 0.205
4 Batch No. 4 10.0 0.271 0.220
5 Batch No. 5 Nil Nil Nil
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Test Report: Food & Drug Laboratory, Vadodara
Sl. No.
Fluoride content in Raw Water
Contact Time with Media Fluoride content in Product Water
1 1.40 PPM 10 Minutes 0.047 PPM
2 2.48 PPM 10 Minutes 0.042 PPM
3 3.50 PPM 10 Minutes 0.044 PPM
4 5.37 PPM 10 Minutes 0.041 PPM
5 7.46 PPM 10 Minutes 0.038 PPM
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Bio-F compared to Activated Alumina
Sl. No Activity Activated Alumina* OxiMax Bio-F Clear
1 Defluoridation capacity 1mg/g 4mg/g
2 Regeneration Process Regeneration by exposing to 4 percent caustic soda (hazardous chemical) and therefore can not be carried out at local
level. Must be taken to a center
Regeneration only by salt and/or alum. Can be carried out by a layman at site.
3 Wastewater Waste water contaminated with fluoride thus going back to ground at the same
location
Waste water not contaminated with fluoride. Regeneration process in Bio-F only does a
fresh coating and not releasing any fluoride in waste water
4 Neutralization Neutralization required with sulphuric acid after regeneration, again a
hazardous chemical. Cumbersome and risky process
No neutralization required
5 Capacity reduction Capacity reduced by 30-40% after regeneration
Capacity reduced marginally 2-5%
6 Number of regenerations possible
3-4, after which media needs to be replaced.
15-20 times regeneration can be carried out.
7 Presence of aluminium after regeneration
Regeneration may result in presence of aluminium at a concentration greater
than 0.2 mg/l, if the pH is not readjusted to normal.
No such possibility
* SOURCE: “FLUORIDE IN DRINKING WATER” BY W.H.O.
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Comparison of adsorption capacity
Much higher capacity as compared to bone charcoal.
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Contact Time
Comparison of Activated Clinopitolite with Bio-F in dynamic testing have shown that activated clinopitolite need to be regenerated after 75 liter water produced ( contact time 20 min), but 700 liter for Bio-F (contact time 3.5 min).
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Effect of co-existing ions on removal of F, Fe(ll) and Mn(ll)
NOTE: High concentration of Ca2+, NO3, HPO4(2) could favour defluoridation with bio-f while concentration of Co3(2) and HCO3 marginally reduces the capacity of bio-F
Anions Ion concentration /mmol.l-1
Adsorption capacity/mg.g-1
(mean n=2)
Control 5.58
HPO4(2) 1 6.698
2 6.853
3 6.971
NO3 1.5 6.421
3 6.34
5 6.266
HCO3- 1.5 5.391
3 4.992
CO3(2) 1.5 3.332
3 1.821
SiO3(2) 0.1 5.379
0.3 5.531
SO4(2) 1 5.762
2 5.58
Cl 3 5.936
5 6.104
Cations Ion concentration /mmol.l-1
Adsorption capacity/mg.g-1
(mean n=2)
Control 3.47
Na+ 1 3.055
2 3.085
K+ 1.5 3.850
3 3.635
Ca2+ 1.5 3.765
3 5.250
Mg2+ 1 3.055
2 3.085
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Effect of pH on defluoridation capacity
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
4 5 6 7 8 9
pH
percen
t r
em
oval
Bio-F Bone CharActivated Alumina Activated Clinoptilolite
Key Result: Bio-F has a stable adsorption
capacity under pH 4-9.
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Effect of flow on adsorbents
0 5 10 15 20 25 300.0
0.5
1.0
1.5Bio-F Bone-char
Activated Alumina
Activated clinoptilolite
Velocity of flow£¨ml/min£©
Flu
orid
e c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
of
pro
du
ct
wa
ter (
mg
/L)
Key result: Bio-F has better adsorption capability than others in same velocity of flow, and can work in a shorter contact time.
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Regeneration Process:Dissolve Alum (30% water and 5% alum)
Transportation to the columns
Retain for 2-3 hours
Wash redundant alum
F-F- F-
F-
F-
F-
F-
F-
F- F-
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Stability of capacity after regeneration:
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Effect of pH on removal of iron and manganese:
Key Results: Bio-F adsorbent can remove Fe from pH 3.5-7.5, and
the better condition for Bio-F to adsorb Mn is alkaline.
HES WATER ENGINEERS (INDIA) PVT LTD, NAGPUR. Phone: 91 7104 265370, 91 7104 265371 Fax: 91 7104 265372, EMail: waterengineersindia@gmai.com
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Waste disposal:
Component of waste water： Inorganic salt
Treatment process： process produces solid inorganic salt cake
easily disposed in Non-hazardous waste landfill
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Bio-F Benefits: International intellectual property (patent pending)International intellectual property (patent pending) Safety;Safety; High defluoridation capacity;High defluoridation capacity; Lower costLower cost ；； Suitable for wide range of pH Suitable for wide range of pH ；； Steady capacity under other ionic competitionSteady capacity under other ionic competition ；； Simple regeneration process, Non-hazardous in Simple regeneration process, Non-hazardous in
wastewater, easy to disposalwastewater, easy to disposal ；； Steady capacity after regenerationSteady capacity after regeneration ；； Environment friendlyEnvironment friendly
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Caters to all needs:
Hand Pump
No electricity required Open well/ tube well Domestic unit
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