Our Future Revisited Logan Contreras Master of Public Policy Candidate, 2012 12/6/10 An expounding on potential factors related to academic performance.

Our Future Revisited

Logan ContrerasMaster of Public Policy Candidate, 2012

12/6/10

An expounding on potential factors related to academic performance

Summary of Past Findings

• In my midterm project, I explored the effect of expenditure on academic performance in unified school districts in eastern Los Angeles County.– There did not appear to be any relationship

between the magnitude of expenditure and performance, as measured by average district API.

– However there was a clear difference in scores among the districts.

New Directions

• The following study will be an exploration of potential factors related to academic performance.

• This analysis will take place in part at the school level, and in part at the district level.

• Suspected factors include:– Proximity to the district– Differences in ethnic demographics– Number of schools– Average classroom size– Student to teacher ratios

Potential Factors: Proximity

• From my anecdotal experiences in Glendora Unified, I suspected that the proximity of a school to the district office might affect the quality of the school, thereby affecting academic performance

Potential Factors: Proximity

• It appears that my initial suspicion is not supported by the analysis (at least not with 2006 data).

• As such, I will not analyze the proximity data in the remaining districts.

Potential Factors: Ethnicity

• Racial studies require a lot of judgment calls, due to self report and poor categorization.

• Because “Hispanic” can be of any race, it is difficult to account for Hispanics without double counting white’s and blacks.

• But while they are not mutually exclusive, it is fairly rare to have a child who identifies as Hispanic and Asian.

Potential Problems: Filipinos

• There is the potential for Filipino students to self identify as Hispanic and/or Asian.– The proportion of Filipino students, while not

insignificant, is fairly small in the districts in question.

– As such, I will classify Filipinos as Asian, aggregating Asian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino into a single class: Total Asians Enrolled

Potential Factors: Ethnicity

• At the school level, there is a large variation in how ethnicity and academic performance interact.

• Looking at these factors region wide will give a consistent scale and broader perspective.

Potential Factors: Number of Schools

• In the process of working with the data, I noticed that the districts with the highest APIs tended to be quite small in area, while those with the lowest APIs tended to be relatively large.

• I suspect that the number of schools in a district might relate to academic performance.

Potential Factors: Student to Teacher Ratios

• I suspected that a small student to teacher ratio might be related to better academic performance. Conversely a large student to teacher ration might be related to worse academic performance.

Potential Factors: Average Classroom Size

• Finally to take into account variation in class size, I suspect that a low classroom size might relate to better academic performance. Conversely, a large classroom size might relate to worse academic performance.

Conclusions

• There appears to be a strong relationship between the number of Hispanic students and the number of Asian students within a district, to how that district performs academically on average– That is, the larger the ratio of Hispanics to Asians,

the lower the average API tends to be for that district

– There could be either cultural or economic factors (property value, median income) that relate

Conclusions

• While not as clear, there also appears to be a relationship between the number of schools in a district to academic performance– That is, the smaller the number of schools, the

higher the API tends to be– It may be that smaller communities can afford to

be small because higher residential taxes due to higher land values

Conclusions

• There does not appear to a clear relationship between performance and student to teacher ratios or average classroom size.– In the extremes, however, it appears that the

lower student to teacher ratios and lower average classroom sizes actually correspond to lower APIs.

– This may be due to a larger incidence of special education classes with fewer students per class.

My (very simple) Model

My Metadata

Sources

• United States Census Bureau American Factfinderhttp://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main.html?_lang=enhttp://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main.html?_lang=en• UCLA Mapsharehttp://gis.ats.ucla.edu/Mapshare/http://gis.ats.ucla.edu/Mapshare/• RAND Californiahttp://www.ca.rand.org/stats/education/education.htmlhttp://www.ca.rand.org/stats/education/education.html• United States Geological Surveyhttp://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htmhttp://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htm

Sources

http://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main.html?http://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main.html?_lang=en_lang=en

• UCLA MapshareUCLA Mapsharehttp://gis.ats.ucla.edu/Mapshare/http://gis.ats.ucla.edu/Mapshare/• Rand CaliforniaRand Californiahttp://www.ca.rand.org/stats/education/http://www.ca.rand.org/stats/education/

education.htmleducation.htmlUSGShttp://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htmhttp://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htm