ORGANELLES

ORGANELLES

ORGANELLES

Organelles are a lot like “mini-organs”.

They all have jobs, and they all work together to keep the cell alive

and functioning properly, just like the organs in your body.

ORGANELLESAnimal cells and Plant cells have some organelles in common, and some that are different. We are going to start with the ones they

have in common.

THE NUCLEUS

• Contains the DNA for the cell• Things move in and out of the nucleus through small holes in the nuclear membrane.

• The membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the “nuclear envelope”.

• The Nucleolus is in the center of the nucleus, and house the components that make up Ribosomes.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• The ER are like mini factories inside the cell.

•2 types: Smooth and Rough

• Smooth ER builds all types of molecules, like lipids and other things the cell needs

• Rough ER has Ribosomes on the outside of it, and package the proteins ribosomes make for transport.

• ER has many folds that help increase surface area.

RIBOSOMES

Ribosomes make proteins. They can be found on the outside of the Rough ER, and in the Cytoplasm.

GOLGI APPARATUSThe Golgi Apparatus takes all the things made by the ER, modifies them, organizes them, and then packages them in vesicles, so they can be shipped off to wherever they are needed in the cell or in the body.

MITOCHONDRIA

IT’SBIGGER

ONTHE

INSIDE!

WHAT KIND OF MICROSCOPE TOOK THIS PICTURE?

MITOCHONDRIA

• Breaks down molecules to create energy in the form of ATP

• The inner-folds create more surface area. This allows the mitochondria to make more ATP

• This is called “cellular respiration”

• It is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell

WHERE IN THE BODY WOULD YOU EXPECT TO FIND CELLS WITH LOTS OF

MITOCHONDRIA IN THEM??

CYTOPLASMThe Cytoplasm is the jello-like substance that everything inside the cell “floats” in. It is the medium that everything moves through.

THE CYTOSKELETON

• A support system of proteins that provide structure for the cell, and a way for organelles to move around• Made up of MICROTUBULES and MICROFILAMENTS.

THE CYTOSKELETON

• MICROTUBULES are hollow, tube-like protein structures that help give the cell shape, and provide a guide for organelles to move along, like railroad tracks. •MICROFILAMENTS are smaller, solid rods that help the cell move.

ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES

LYSOSOMES• A membrane filled with digestive enzymes

• Responsible for breaking things down

CILIA AND FLAGELLA

#tbt #selfie

• Flagella are whip-like in shape

• Made of microtubules

• Used by the cell to move around

• Cilia are very small

• Usually lots of them on a cell

• Made of microtubules

• Used to move the cell around

• Moves the cell slower than flagella do

PLANT CELL ORGANELLES

VACUOLES• Vacuoles are simple, membrane-bound sacs• Different vacuoles serve different purposes• Most plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores salts and other chemicals. • Vacuoles store things for the cell, like storage bins, or garbage bags.

How can the cell use the central

vacuole to regulate cell size??

CHLOROPLASTS

Chloroplasts harness the light from the sun to produce sugars for

energy via photosynthesis.

Organelles work together to accomplish multiple goals, and keep the cell alive. Compare the environment inside

the cell to something you are familiar with in real life.