Orchard Sprayer Calibrations Grass Filter Strip Installations Coalition for Urban/Rural Environmental Stewardship Non-profit organization: agricultural,
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Orchard Sprayer CalibrationsOrchard Sprayer CalibrationsGrass Filter Strip InstallationsGrass Filter Strip Installations
Coalition for Urban/Rural Environmental StewardshipCoalition for Urban/Rural Environmental Stewardship • Non-profit organization: agricultural, urban projectsNon-profit organization: agricultural, urban projects• Promote stewardship, proper use of pesticides, nutrientsPromote stewardship, proper use of pesticides, nutrients• Parry Klassen, Executive DirectorParry Klassen, Executive Director• Tamara Taliaferro, Projects CoordinatorTamara Taliaferro, Projects Coordinator• Robert McMurry, Sprayer Calibration TechnicianRobert McMurry, Sprayer Calibration Technician• www.curesworks.orgwww.curesworks.org
Butte County Resource Conservation DistrictButte County Resource Conservation District Pia Sevelius, District ManagerPia Sevelius, District Manager Larry Lloyd, Resource TechnicianLarry Lloyd, Resource Technician www.buttecountyrcd.orgwww.buttecountyrcd.org
Schedule On-Farm Schedule On-Farm Sprayer CalibrationsSprayer Calibrations Equipment and technician come Equipment and technician come
to your farmto your farm
CallCall
Tamara Taliaferro: 530-271-5822 Tamara Taliaferro: 530-271-5822
Or Sign-up online at:Or Sign-up online at:
www.curesworks.orgwww.curesworks.org
““Orchard Sprayer Calibration Clinics” Orchard Sprayer Calibration Clinics”
Schedule of upcoming eventsSchedule of upcoming events
Calibration Technician and Equipment will…Calibration Technician and Equipment will…
• Measure the output of each nozzle in gallons per minute
• Identify and clean or replace worn and clogged nozzles
• Calculate the total output in gallons per acre
• Measure uniformity of spray discharge across the entire boom
• Rearrange or replace nozzles as needed for uniformity
• Adjust pressure as needed
NOZZLE OUTPUT AND LEFT & RIGHT SIDE UNIFORMITYNOZZLE OUTPUT AND LEFT & RIGHT SIDE UNIFORMITY
LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT
BEFORE CALIBRATION AFTER CALIBRATION
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION CALIBRATIONVERTICAL DISTRIBUTION CALIBRATION
• Measure vertical distribution of spray
• Compare distribution to shape of your orchard tree canopies
• Adjust angles of fins and/or nozzles to direct spray at tree canopy/foliage
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION CALIBRATION
BEFORE AFTERCALIBRATION CALIBRATION
Legend
Spray above foliage
Spray on foliage
Spray below foliage
Tree Canopy/Foliage(Optimum spray pattern)
Benefits of Orchard Sprayer CalibrationsBenefits of Orchard Sprayer Calibrations
• Improved nozzle output efficiency
• Improved uniformity of spray discharged across boom
• Improved vertical distribution of spray on tree canopy
• Reduced overspray and underspray means less product entering local waterways through drift and irrigation and storm water runoff
• More efficient pesticide application means you save money
Approaches for Orchard BMPsApproaches for Orchard BMPs Application BMPsApplication BMPs
Lower label ratesLower label rates Mix and load properlyMix and load properly Calibrate equipmentCalibrate equipment
Site BMPsSite BMPs Cover crops: native Cover crops: native
perennials, legumesperennials, legumes Grassy row centers Grassy row centers
during dormancyduring dormancy vegetative filter stripsvegetative filter strips Grassed waterwaysGrassed waterways
Goal: Goal: Reduce bare soil conduitReduce bare soil conduit
Application BMPsApplication BMPs Managing Drift From Managing Drift From
Airblast Sprayers Airblast Sprayers • Most drift comes from first Most drift comes from first
and last passes through the and last passes through the orchardorchard
Don’t spray inside of Don’t spray inside of rows 1, 2 and last 2rows 1, 2 and last 2
Spray outside - inward Spray outside - inward on perimeter rows, slow on perimeter rows, slow down to improve down to improve coverage.coverage.
Application BMPsApplication BMPs
Evaluate aerial vs. ground sprayEvaluate aerial vs. ground spray
Establish setback zones (buffers near Establish setback zones (buffers near sensitive areas)sensitive areas)
Use drift mitigation practicesUse drift mitigation practices
Use proper mixing, loading and disposal Use proper mixing, loading and disposal practicespractices
Structural BMPsStructural BMPs(Irrigation or storm (Irrigation or storm
runoff)runoff)
Basins for water & Basins for water & sediment run-off sediment run-off
Requires Requires modification of modification of drainage system to drainage system to protect surface protect surface waterwater
Irrigation Input BMPsIrrigation Input BMPs
Irrigation timingIrrigation timing• At least 24 hours after application – follow At least 24 hours after application – follow
labellabel
• Do not over-irrigate – reduce amount of Do not over-irrigate – reduce amount of
runoffrunoff
PAM / calcium in irrigation waterPAM / calcium in irrigation water
Structural BMPs Structural BMPs (Irrigation runoff)(Irrigation runoff)
Re-circulation Re-circulation
systems (tailwater systems (tailwater
recovery)recovery)
Low-pressure drip Low-pressure drip
or micro-sprinklersor micro-sprinklers
Filter stripsFilter strips
Potential Practices Potential Practices (need more research)(need more research)
Let grass grow in Let grass grow in drainage ditchesdrainage ditches
Circulate drain Circulate drain water through water through vegetated ditches vegetated ditches or field areasor field areas
Circulate drain Circulate drain water through water through constructed constructed wetlandswetlands
Integrated Pest Management: Integrated Pest Management: OrchardsOrchards
Determine need to dormant sprayDetermine need to dormant spray Selection of dormant season pest Selection of dormant season pest
management strategiesmanagement strategies No dormant spray, in-season spray as needed No dormant spray, in-season spray as needed OP dormant applications with BMPsOP dormant applications with BMPs Alternate year dormant applications: a 50% reduction?Alternate year dormant applications: a 50% reduction? Bt sprays at bloomBt sprays at bloom Spinosad + oil as dormant spraySpinosad + oil as dormant spray Non-OP pesticides as dormant sprays (pyrethroids)Non-OP pesticides as dormant sprays (pyrethroids) Pheromone mating disruptionPheromone mating disruption www.ipm.ucdavis.edu : On-line calculatorwww.ipm.ucdavis.edu : On-line calculator
FREE FILTER STRIPS!FREE FILTER STRIPS!
Butte County Resource Conservation Butte County Resource Conservation District is offering to install filter strips for District is offering to install filter strips for FREE.FREE.
Scheduling appointments with interested Scheduling appointments with interested growers in Novembergrowers in November
Please call:Please call:
(530) 534-0112 ext. 124(530) 534-0112 ext. 124
Orchard Filter Orchard Filter StripsStrips
Water Board grants in Butte-Yuba-Sutter counties
Study orchard vegetation effectiveness
Install free filter strips
Cooperators
Sutter County Resource Conservation District
Coalition for Urban/Rural Environmental Stewardship
Butte County Resource Conservation District
What are “Filter Strips”What are “Filter Strips”
Strips or areas of herbaceous vegetation Strips or areas of herbaceous vegetation situated between orchard and …situated between orchard and … Environmentally Sensitive areas (steams, rivers, Environmentally Sensitive areas (steams, rivers,
wetlands, riparian areas, etc.) wetlands, riparian areas, etc.) Other croplandOther cropland grazing landgrazing land forestlandforestland disturbed landdisturbed land
Biggest benefit to orchard growers:Biggest benefit to orchard growers:
Storm RunoffStorm Runoff Filter strips reduce winter storm runoff Filter strips reduce winter storm runoff
from orchards from orchards Reduce erosionReduce erosion Improve water penetration into soilImprove water penetration into soil Habitat biodiversity for beneficial insects Habitat biodiversity for beneficial insects
Filter strips slow runoff velocity, capturing Filter strips slow runoff velocity, capturing sediment sediment
Other Benefits of Filter StripsOther Benefits of Filter Strips Improve water quality by removing… Improve water quality by removing…
75% or more of sediment75% or more of sediment 50% or more of nutrients & pesticides 50% or more of nutrients & pesticides 60% or more of certain pathogens60% or more of certain pathogens
Provide habitat for wildlife & beneficial Provide habitat for wildlife & beneficial insectsinsects
Maintain or enhance watershed functions Maintain or enhance watershed functions & values& values
Ideal LocationsIdeal Locations-- Lower edges (down-gradient edge) of orchards or crop fields where runoff occurs-- Lower edges (down-gradient edge) of orchards or crop fields where runoff occurs-- Above conservation practices, such as ponds, drainageways, and terraces-- Above conservation practices, such as ponds, drainageways, and terraces
Filter Strip WidthFilter Strip Width
Typically, 20 feet wide Typically, 20 feet wide Wide enough that:Wide enough that:
equipment does not damage sensitive areasequipment does not damage sensitive areas agrichemicals and manure can be safely agrichemicals and manure can be safely
applied without affecting sensitive areasapplied without affecting sensitive areas
Filter Strip VegetationFilter Strip Vegetation
Desirable VegetationDesirable Vegetation Plants with dense top-growth and a Plants with dense top-growth and a
fibrous root systemfibrous root system Sturdy, tall perennial grassesSturdy, tall perennial grasses Hardy perennial native grass speciesHardy perennial native grass species
Undesirable VegetationUndesirable Vegetation Short, flexible grassesShort, flexible grasses
Filter Strip MaintenanceFilter Strip MaintenanceNecessary for long-term effectiveness and durabilityNecessary for long-term effectiveness and durability
Mow and remove excessive vegetation regularly Mow and remove excessive vegetation regularly 2-3 times per year if growth is vigorous2-3 times per year if growth is vigorous Mow to 6-inchesMow to 6-inches Control unwanted trees, brush and noxious weedsControl unwanted trees, brush and noxious weeds
Inspect after major stormsInspect after major storms Remove trapped sedimentRemove trapped sediment Repair eroding areasRepair eroding areas Minimize development of erosion channelsMinimize development of erosion channels
Shut off pesticide sprayers when on filter stripShut off pesticide sprayers when on filter strip
FREE FILTER STRIPS!FREE FILTER STRIPS!
Butte County Resource Conservation Butte County Resource Conservation District is offering to install filter strips for District is offering to install filter strips for FREE.FREE.
Scheduling appointments with interested Scheduling appointments with interested growers in Novembergrowers in November
Please call:Please call:
(530) 534-0112 ext. 124(530) 534-0112 ext. 124
BMP Effectiveness StudyBMP Effectiveness StudyWinter 2006Winter 2006
Goal: Study impact of orchard floor Goal: Study impact of orchard floor management practices on diazinon and management practices on diazinon and esfenvalerate runoff during major stormesfenvalerate runoff during major storm
3 test orchards draining into Gilsizer 3 test orchards draining into Gilsizer Slough in Sutter CountySlough in Sutter County One with vegetated cover cropOne with vegetated cover crop One with bare groundOne with bare ground One disked with native vegetationOne disked with native vegetation
Cover Crop Effectiveness Study Cover Crop Effectiveness Study Overall ResultsOverall Results
Ground cover and soil type affected the Ground cover and soil type affected the loads of diazinon and esfenvalerate in loads of diazinon and esfenvalerate in runoffrunoff Orchard with planted cover had far less water Orchard with planted cover had far less water
runoff than orchard with bare ground.runoff than orchard with bare ground. Vegetation reduced the concentration of Vegetation reduced the concentration of
esfenvalerate in runoff.esfenvalerate in runoff.
Study ResultsStudy Results
Runoff From Rainfall Event in Three Orchards
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Planted Cover Crop Bare Ground Disked Plot
Orchard Floor
Ru
no
ff (L
iters
/Hec
tare
)
Average Diazinon Load in Runoff From Rainfall Event
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Planted Cover Crop Bare Ground Disked Plot
Orchard Floor
Dia
zin
on
Lo
ad (
µg D
iazi
no
n/H
ecta
re)
Average Esfenvalerate Load in Runoff From Rainfall Event
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Planted Cover Crop Bare Ground Disked Plot
Orchard Floor
Esf
enva
lera
te L
oad
(
µg E
sfen
vale
rate
/Hec
tare
)
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