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Opportunities & Challenges –Energy Storage
February 2011
The National Academies Workshop Phoenix, AZ
M. Scott FarisCEOfaris@planarenergy.com407-459-1442
• NiMH, Pb, Li ion are mature
• Industry Requires dramatic1. Materials leverage2. Cost reductions3. Energy densities4. Lifetime & Safety5. Form Factor Flexibility6. Environmental Friendliness
•Scaling “is” the challenge
Battery Industry is StuckBattery Industry is StuckVolumes are Substantial
Nano-Materials Costs Are Substantial
CONFIDENTIAL
http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2010/01/storm_warnings_for_lithiumion_batteries_and_electric_vehicles.htmlhttp://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2009/06/understanding_the_development_path_for_liion_battery_technologies_1.html
8300 cell phonebatteries
68% cell isengineered materials
CONFIDENTIAL 3
ARPAARPA--e Portfolio of Fixese Portfolio of FixesTHEME:•Remove Non Functional Materials
•Remove Liquids/Polymers
•Remove Costs
•Increase Density, Safety, Cycle Life
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Why Solid State for Batteries?Why Solid State for Batteries?Paradigm Changer
Why Solid State Batteries ?Why Solid State Batteries ?
Ceramic Battery Difference:Replace the plastics, binders, powders and liquids with durable, nanostructured films
Operating Benefits:•Long operating lives at optimal performance
•Elimination of shorts and battery failures
•50%+ reduction in cell weight & volume
•Fast recharge cycles
•Higher operating temperature ranges reduces thermal management challenges
•No liquids eliminates “thermal runaway”
Enabling new products & applications
•Battery/Capacitor hybrids
Game Changing Platform TechnologySolid State Energy/Monolithic Ceramic Batteries
Superior Economics50% Reduction in Capex Per KwH65% Reduction in Materials Cost
Superior Performance2-3 X Energy Density IncreaseLong Life (5,000 cycles)Fast Charge & Disharge (5C)
Absolute SafetyNothing flammableHigh Temperature Range
Scalable Manufacturing ApproachRoll to Roll ManufacturingEliminate “Formation” of CellsNo Vacuum
A New Approach to Energy StorageA New Approach to Energy Storage
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Embedded Power Source
Lower Cost Batteries
Longer “Lifecycle” RuntimeNew Feature Sets
Consumer Proof
New Levels of Integration
§ Dramatic Reductions in Materials (50%)§ Higher Performance Materials (1000X)§ No Liquids (No Fires)§ Monolithic Cell Architecture (R2R Mfg.)
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Traditional Li-ion Battery
Planar’s – Solid State Battery
Solid State ArchitectureSolid State Architecture
• .5mAh/cm vs 20mAh/cm
• Lipon is poor conductor •1-2 Orders of Magnitude Too Low
• Limited Cathode opportunities
Solid State MicroSolid State Micro--Batteries DonBatteries Don’’t Scalet Scale
Thin Films Have Limited Storage Capacity & Rates
Traditional Deposition Approaches are Expensive
• $100’s+ Sq M for Thin Film•Needs to be $1’s
• Slow Deposition Rates•Thin Film tough, Thick Film non-starter
• Complex Mfg. Processes & Device Designs/Packaging
Current solid state battery fabrication methods do not scale to large format batteries because of:
?
Vacuum Deposition Cost ofThick, Large Area Films
$25,000 Sq. MVs
$1’s Sq. M
Practical Challenge of Solid State BatteriesPractical Challenge of Solid State Batteries
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13mm x 13mm 4 micron film
300mm x 100mm75 micron Active Film
u Solution Based Process Enabling Roll to Rollu Cap Ex: 10% Cost of Vacuum - 1000x Faster than Vacuumu Materials: $1’s/kilo vs. $100’s/Kilou Unlimited Materials Sets
Cost of Printed Electronics with Performance of VacuumDeposited Films
Enables new, flexible manufacturing model for large areaSemiconductor devices.
Streaming Process for Electroless Electrochemical DepositionStreaming Process for Electroless Electrochemical Deposition““SPEEDSPEED””
Planar Breakthrough: High Performance Planar Breakthrough: High Performance Printed Electronic Films & DevicesPrinted Electronic Films & Devices
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Primary chemicals
Nano-particles formation
Slurry or ink formulation
Web coating or ink printingof nano-particle film
Primary chemicals
Water based solution formulation
Direct nano-particle film deposition
SPEEDSPEEDOther MethodsOther Methods
Nanomaterial Growth InnovationNanomaterial Growth Innovation
Collector Layer
Metallic Anode Layer
Separator Layer
Cathode Layer
Metallic CollectorSubstrate
New Approach to Battery ManufacturingNew Approach to Battery Manufacturing
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SPEED R2R Battery ManufacturingSPEED R2R Battery Manufacturing
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Real Hardware Demonstrated
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Real Materials: Solid State Electrolyte ThioLisiconReal Materials: Solid State Electrolyte ThioLisicon
Si
SSE
TiN
SnO
SSE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004111909 B1_2
SSE 10 µA
Vol
tage
(V)
Time (hours) 0 200 400 600 80010-12
10-11
1x10-10
1x10-9
1x10-8
1x10-7
1x10-6
1x10-5
1x10-4
1x10-3
1x10-2
1x10-1
1x100
10710-1 Li/SSE/Li SS/SSE/In
Con
duct
ivity
(S/c
m)
Time (seconds)
Real Ceramic Batteries DemonstratedReal Ceramic Batteries Demonstrated
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Fig 1 – Cell “Core” Design Substrate
Electrolyte
Cathode
Stainless Steel
Anode
Long Development CyclesMaterials Science Device AcceptanceMarket Acceptance
Complex Development CyclesProcess MaterialsDevice
Fragmented Innovation NetworkPieces of puzzle spread far and wideNeed to Agglomerate Technology
Cap Ex Intense Business ModelsProof vs. Scale
““MacroMacro”” Opportunities & ChallengesOpportunities & Challenges
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Effective Strategic PartnershipsUniversity vs. CompanySmall vs. Big Company
FINDING VALUE ADD CAPITALResearch $’sEarly stage vs. growth $’s
Fragmented Industry StructureLack of Roadmaps
Process, Materials, AppsGlobal Playing FieldOpen Innovation vs. Proprietary IP
National Security EthicsDomestic vs. Foreign Partnerships
New Hardware DevelopmentComplex Materials thru Complex Machines
vs.Complex Materials thru Simple Chemistry & Simple Machines
Mfg. Metrology ChallengesNew Materials require new types of measurements
R2R requires speed & precision from tools that are precise and slow
Materials Integration ChallengesModeling Tools & Expertise
““ExecutionExecution”” Opportunities & ChallengesOpportunities & Challenges
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Human CapitalElectrochemistsManufacturingImmigration Constraints
Thank YouContact:
M. Scott Faris, CEOPlanar Energy, Inc.653 W Michigan StOrlando, FL 32805
407-459-1442 (direct)faris@planarenergy.com
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