Ome201101 Gsm Bts312 Hardware Structure Issue4.0

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GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure

ObjectivesUpon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the functions and features of BTS Master the BTS hardware structure Master the signal processing of BTS

References BTS312 User Manual BTS3.0 User Manual

Contents Overview System Components Signal Processing Antenna and Feeder System

Location

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

HLR: Home Location Register EIR: Equipment Identity Register

MSC: Mobile Switching Center VLR: Visitor Location Register SMC: Short Message Center

VM: Voice Mailbox

BSC: Base Station Controller

AUC: Authentication Center

PSTNISDN

Um Interface

HLR/AUC/EIR

MSC/VLR

SMC/VM

A Interface

MAPMAP

TUP,ISUPMS

Features and Functions High integration and low power consumption 15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmissio

n (15:1) Support various transmission modes and complex topolo

gies, e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc. 1-minute fast startup

Features and Functions Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM Support GSM PHASE 1 、 PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+ Support GPRS and EDGE Support baseband hopping and RF hopping Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption

Hardware StructureDATA_BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS

External control

External alarm

Opt. fiberxDSL TEU

PMUFH_BUS

Signal Processing UnitCommon Unit

antenna

Antenna Feeder Unit

Cabinet and BoardsCDU: Combiner & Divider Unit TRX: TransceiverPMU: Power Monitoring Unit TMU: Timing/Transmission &

Management Unit PSU: Power Supply UnitTDU: Time Distribution Unit TES: Transmission Extension Power

Supply UnitTEU: Transmission Extension Unit

FAN BOX

SWITCH BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

Contents2 System Componnents

2.1 Common Unit2.2 Signal Processing Unit

TMU Functions of TMU

Provide E1 connection interface Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking

modes Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation &

maintenance link Provide centralized BTS clock Provide alarm signal input ports

Structure of TMU

External synchronous clock

MMI (man-machine Interface)

Environmentmonitors

MCK Standby MCK

Extended BIUDBUS

TDU TBUS

Standby TMU

Indictors on TMUIndicator

Name Color Meaning Explanation Normal State

PWR Green Power On: NormalOff: Abnormal On

RUN Green Running State

Flash(0.5Hz): NormalOn or Off: Abnormal Flash

LI1,2,3,4 GreenE1 Transmission

On: Local AlarmFlash: Remote AlarmOff: Normal

M/S Green Master/Slave indication

Slow flash(1HZ): MasterQuick flash(2Hz): Slave

Master Board: Slow flashSlave Board: Quick flash

PLL GreenPhase identification indicator

On: Free oscillationQuick flash(4Hz): CatchingSlow flash(1Hz): LockedOff: Abnormal

Slow flashTMU

LI1LI2

TDU Functions of TDU

Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell Provide alarming channels Provide bus-control interfaces

Position of TDU

Cabinet-top Connectors

(1) Data bus interface (DCF1)

(2) External alarm interface (EAC1 and EAC2)

(3) 120Ω E1 interface (TME1)

(4) Built-in optical transmission E1 interface (TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and TRB2)

(5) Storage battery management signal cable interface (PWRC)

(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and CKB2)

(7) Data bus interface (DCF2)

(8) 75Ω E1 interface (TX and RX)

(9) External synchronous clock interface (SYNC)

(10) Grounding cable interface for combined cabinet (SHELLGND)

(11) External power cable interface

(12) Feeder input interface (ANT)

(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)

When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC module is used.

When the supply input is +24VDC,neither

DC/DC nor AC/DC module is used.

When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC module is used.

220VAC

-48VDC

+24VDC

Power Supply

Power Supply System

AC/DC(DC/DC)module

Monitoring unit PMU

Anti-lightningPower

distribution

EMIfilter

DC contacter

Battery group Fuse

220VAC IN

-48VDC IN+-

+24VDC IN+-

26VDC OUT

EMIfilter

AC/DC(DC/DC)module

EMIfilter

PSU Configurationmode Capacity

(TRX)Boards (PSU)

Boards (PMU) notes

24VDC 1 ~ 12 0 1-48VDC 1 ~ 3 2 1

One PSU for

backup

4 ~ 6 3 17 ~ 9 4 1

10 ~ 12 5 1220VAC 1 ~ 3 3 1

4 ~ 6 4 17 ~ 9 5 1

10 ~ 12 6 1

PMU structurePMU structure

AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC

AC power supply

Power monitoring unit PMU

FanFuse

Battery

FMU Functions of FMU

Fan feeding Fan revolution speed control Alarm detection +24V power supply input interface

Contents2 System Componnents

2.1 Common Unit2.2 Signal Processing Unit

TRX Functions of TRX

Baseband speech processing Um and Abis interface signaling processing Modulation and demodulation RF signal amplification

TRX Module Structure

Transmitter

SCP CUI

Clock processing part

FH_BUS

ReceiverDiversity receiver

TBPU:TRX Baseband signal Processing Unit

RPU:RF signal Processing UnitSCP: Signaling Processing Unit DSP: Digital Signal Processing

Unit CUI: Carrier Unit Interface

TDP: Transmitter Driver and PLL Unit

PAU: Power Amplifier Unit RCU: Receiving Unit DBUS: Data Bus

CBUS: Control Bus TBUS: Timing Bus

FH_BUS: Frequency Hopping Bus

Output Power of TRX Normal: 40W(46dBm) or 60W(48dBm) PBU: 80W(49dBm) EDGE TRX: GMSK: 40W, 8PSK: 60W

Alarms of TRX Over standing wave alarm

When the standing wave ratio at the power amplifier output port exceeds 1.5, it reports standing wave alarm to the baseband unit

Over-temperature alarm When the temperature of the power amplifier exceeds

85℃, the power amplifier unit reports the over-temperature alarm via the baseband unit, and automatically turns off the power amplifier

Indicators on TRXIndicator

Name Color Meaning Explanation

Normal State

PWR Green PowerOn: NormalOff: Abnormal

RCP GreenSCP Running State

Flash(0.5Hz): NormalOn or Off: Abnormal

RDP GreenDSP Running State

Flash(0.5Hz): NormalOn or Off: Abnormal

FAIL Red Alarm Indicator

On: AlarmOff: No alarm

TX OUT

RXA IN

RXB IN

CDU Functions of CDU

Combine and filter transmitted signals Filter ,amplify and distribute received signals Provide power for the tower-top amplifier Alarm detection

CDU Structure

Combiner

Divider

DuplexerTX1TX2

TX-COMBTX-DUP

RX1RX2RX3RX4

HL-out

RX6RX7RX8

HL-inRXD-ANT

TX/RX-ANT

RXD-out

LNA Filter

Indicators on CDUIndicator

Name Color Meaning Explanation Normal State

POWER Green Power On: NormalOff: Abnormal On

VSWR1 YellowStanding wave ratio alarm

On: VSWR is greater than 1.5 and less than 2.5Off: Normal

VSWR2 RedStanding wave ratio alarm

On: VSWR is greater than 2.5Off: Normal

TTA RedTTA current indication

On: TTA current out of rangeOff: Normal

LNA RedLNA current indication

On: LNA current out of rangeOff: Normal

Rear Panel of CDU

MAIN: TTA power feeding selection knob of main receiving channelDIVERSE: TTA power feeding selection knob of diversity receiving channelFUSE :1.5A

Setting

MAINDIVERS

0 off off

1 100 65 mA2 107 100 mA3 205 205 mA

Correspondence between knob setting and current strength of TTA

Note: MAIN is recommended to be set at 1(100mA),and DIVERSE to be set at 2(100mA).Other modes of setting are not recommended

Alarm Detection VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) monitoring: CDU Monitors

the status of antenna system. When the detected standing wave ratio exceeds the preset threshold (1.5 or 2.5), CDU will generate corresponding alarms

Low noise amplifier fault alarm: The signal is extracted from the power supply current of the low noise amplifier. When the current exceeds a certain level ,alarm signals are generated

Tower-top amplifier alarm: When there is a tower-top amplifier on service, the CDU monitors the status of tower-top amplifier by its working current. If the current exceeds a certain level , alarm signals are generated

EDU EDU indicators are the same as those of CDU

Divider

DuplexerTX1

RX1RX2

TX/RX-ANT1

Divider

DuplexerTX2

RX3RX4

TX/RX-ANT2

SCU Four carriers are combined and output through 3dB

bridges and the insertion loss is 6.8dB

Tx_Comb

Bridge

3dBBridge

Speech Processing BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS

Clock process

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

BSC BIU

EAC MCK TDU

OML Processing BSC-(TDU)-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU)

Clock process

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

BSC BIU

EAC MCK TDU

RSL Processing BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX

Clock process

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

BSC BIU

EAC MCK TDU

Clock Processing BSC (or External Clock) –(TDU)-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

Clock process

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

BSC BIU

EAC MCK TDU

External synchronous clock

¸ ±» ú¹ ñ Ö ÷» ú¹ ñ Ö ÷» ú¹ ñ ¸ ±» ú¹ ñ

Ö ÷¹ ñ× é ¸ ±¹ ñ× éExtension cabinet Extension cabinet

Extension cabinet groupBasic cabinet Basic cabinet

Basic cabinet group

TBUS Connection Clock bus connection in a synchronous cell

Cabinet Extension Cabling Blue colored sockets installed with matching connectors are

for resistance termination There are E1 cables between basic cabinet group and

extension cabinet group

CKB1 CKB2DCF1 DCF2

Extension Cabinet Basic Cabinet Basic Cabinet Extension Cabinet

Basic Cabinet Group Extension Cabinet Group

External E1 Interface External E1 Interface

Antenna and Feeder SystemAntenna

Antenna stand

Jumper between antenna and TTA

Jumper between TTA and feeder

Feeder

Lightening arrester

Jumper between lightening arrester and cabinet

BTS312 cabinet

SWITCH BOXFAN BOX

AIR BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

S1/1/1

TX OUT

TX/RX ANT

HL OUT

TX COMB

TX DUP

RXD OUT

RXD ANT

(TX/RXA)

S2/2/2

TX OUT

TX/RX ANT

TX OUT

HL OUT

TX COMB

TX DUP

RXD OUT

RXD ANT

(TX/RXA)

S4/4/4 2CDUTx/RxM_ANT1 RxD

CDU_1Duplexer

Combiner Distributor Distributor

Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD

CDU_2Duplexer

Tx TRx0RxMRxD

Tx TRx1RxMRxD

Tx TRx2 RxMRxD

Tx TRx2RxMRxD

S4/4/4 SCU+CDUTX OUT

RXARXB

TX OUT

RXARXB

TX COMB

TX OUT

RXARXB

TX/RX ANT

TX OUT

RXARXB

HL OUT

COMBTX COMBTX DUP

RXD OUT

RXD ANT

(TX/RXB)

2CDU+SCUTx/RxM_ANT1 RxD

CDU_1Duplexer

Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD

CDU_2Duplexer

TxTRx3RxMRxD

Distributor

Distributor Distributor

TxTRx4RxMRxD

TxTRx5RxMRxD

Tx TRx0 RxMRxD

Tx TRx1 RxMRxD

Tx TRx2 RxMRxD

Lightning Arrester is used to prevent the equipment from being damaged by the lightening current inducted by the core line of the feeder

Feeder

Jumper

Lightning Arrester

Types of Main Feeder 7/8 inch

Cable loss=0.043dB/m 5/4 inch

Cable loss=0.032dB/m 1/2 inch jumper

Cable loss=0.11dB/m Used between the antenna and the main feeder Between the antenna and the tower-top amplifier Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

TTA (Optional) The tower-top amplifier is installed close to the

receiving antenna It can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of

the base station Consisting of:

Simplex TTA Duplex TTA Triplex TTA

TTA (Optional)

antenna

simplex TTA duplex TTA triplex TTA

Low noise amplifier

TX filter

bypassBias TeeBTS

triplex TTA

RX filterRX filter

Antenna Pattern The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities

of antennas in all directions

360¡ ã

Omni Antenna Directional antenna

120¡ ã 90¡ ã 65¡ ã

Polarization Two main types of polarization

Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization

The types of antenna divided by polarization

Single polarized antenna Vertical polarization for GSM One port for one feeder

Dual polarized antenna +45 degree and -45 degree Two ports for two feeders

Summary Functions and features of BTS BTS hardware structure Signal processing of BTS Antenna and feeder system

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