Transcript
Pakistan Refinery Limited
By.
Engr. Abdul Latif Sanjrani M.S (Environmental Science)
Subject :ENV-701 Advance Environmental Science
Respected Teacher: Dr. S.Adnan Hasan
SINDH MADRESSATUL ISLAM UNIVERSTY, KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Commitment:
Save Environment
ContactsList of Abbreviations ……………………………………………
HSEQ Policy ……………………………………………………..
Satellite View …………………………………………………….
Oil Refineries in Karachi ………………………………………
Famous Oil Refineries …………………………………………..
Introduction of Refinery ………………………………………..
Major Products of Oil Refineries ………………………………
National Refinery Limited (NRL) ………………………………
Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL) ………………………………
Installed Units in PRL …………………………………………...
Schematic flow diagram of typical Oil Refinery ……………….
Common Process Units ………………………………………….
Waste Management ……………………………………………...
Emission …………………………………………………………
List
of
Ab
bre
viat
ion
sSMIU SINDH MADRESSATUL ISLAM UNIVERSTY
MS Master of Science ENV Environmental
AES Advance Environmental
Science
PRL Pakistan Refinery Limited
NEQS National Environmental
Quality Standards
NRL National Refinery Limited
SEPA Sindh Environmental
Protection Agency
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection
Agency
OHSAS Occupational Health & Safety
Advisory Services
QMS Quality Management System
ISO International Organization for
Standardization
HSE Health Safety & Environment
QC Quality Control QA Quality Assurance
CNG Compressed Natural Gas LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
API American Petroleum Institute DAF Dissolved Air Flotation
CRU Catalytic Reformer unit BTX Benzene Toluene Xylene
240 48’ 11.85” North
670 07’ 00.14” East
Pakistan
Refinery has
around 200
acres of land
for its Korangi
Creek
premises.
OIL REFINERIES IN KARACHI
Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan.
Karachi is located in the south of Sindh, on the coast of
the Arabian Sea.
The city covers an area of approximately 3,530 square
kilometers (1,363 sq mi).
It is the world's Third largest city proper behind Mumbai
in terms of population, which exceeds 23.5 million.
Cont…
In terms of metropolitan population, it is the twentieth
largest city of the world, and is Pakistan's premier
center of banking, industry, and trade.
Karachi is also the home of Pakistan's largest
corporations that are involved in entertainment, arts,
fashion, advertising, publishing, software development
and medical research.
It also serves as a major hub of higher education in
South Asia, and the wider Islamic World.
The famous oil refineries in Karachi are:
National Refinery Limited (NRL)
Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL)
BOSICOR (Byco) Petroleum Limited
35,000 barrels per day
expanded capacity of 120,000 barrels per day
OIL REFINERIES IN KARACHI
INTRODUCTION
OIL REFINERY:
An oil refinery is an industrial process plant
where crude oil is processed and refined into more
useful petroleum products.
MAJOR PRODUCTS OF OIL REFINERIES
• Light Distillates: (LPG, Gasoline & Naphtha)
• Middle Distillates: (Kerosene, Diesel)
• Heavy Distillates & Residuum: ( Fuel oil, Lubricating oils,
Wax, & Tar)
National Refinery Limited (NRL)
National Refinery Limited (NRL) is the largest
petroleum refining complex in Pakistan, comprises
of:
Three fuel processing plants
An BTX plant
NRL was incorporated on August 19, 1964 as a
public limited company & nationalized on January 1972
PAKISTAN REFINERY LIMITED (PRL)
Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL) was built and
commissioned in October 1962 at Karachi.
PRL is a capacity of 50,000 barrels per day.
It is being the first in Pakistan oil industry to achieve
OHSAS 18001:1999 and ISO 14001:1996
certification in November, 2002.
No. of sites = 2 (Refinery and Oil Storage Terminal
at Keamari)
1 Barrels = 31.5 Gallons (US)
1Gallons = 3.78541 Litters
• Desalter Unit
• Crude Unit
• Catalytic Hydro-de-sulphuriser Unit
• Plat-former Unit
• Effluent Water Treatment Plant
• LPG Recovery Unit
• Reverse Osmosis Unit
• Water Softening Unit
• Steam Generation Unit
• Electricity Generation Unit
INSTALLED UNITS IN PAKISTAN REFINERY LIMITED
Sche
mat
ic fl
ow d
iagr
am o
f typ
ical
Oil
Refin
ery
Common Process Units Found in Refineries
Desalter unit washes out salt from the crude oil before it enters
the atmospheric distillation unit.
Atmospheric Distillation unit distills crude oil into different
fractions according to the boiling ranges.
Vacuum Distillation unit further distills residual bottoms after
atmospheric distillation.
Naphtha Hydro-treater unit uses hydrogen to desulfurize
naphtha from atmospheric distillation. Than it can be send to a
Catalytic Reformer unit.
Cont…
Catalytic Reformer unit is used to convert the naphtha-boiling
range molecules into higher octane reformat (reformer product).
The reformat has higher content of aromatics and cyclic
hydrocarbons). An important byproduct of a reformer is hydrogen
released during the catalyst reaction. The hydrogen is used either
in the hydro-treaters or the hydro-Cracker.
Distillate Hydro-treater unit desulfurizes distillates (such as
diesel) after atmospheric distillation.
Fluid Catalytic Cracker unit upgrades heavier fractions into
lighter, more valuable products.
Cont…
Hydro cracker unit uses hydrogen to upgrade heavier fractions
into lighter, more valuable products.
Visbreaking unit upgrades heavy residual oils by cracking them
thermally into lighter, more valuable reduced viscosity products.
Merox unit treats LPG, kerosene or jet fuel by oxidizing
mercaptans to organic disulfides.
Coking units (delayed coking, fluid coker, and flexicoker)
process very heavy residual oils into gasoline and diesel fuel,
leaving petroleum coke as a residual product.
Alkylation unit produces high-octane component for gasoline
blending.
Cont…
Dimerization unit converts olefins into higher-octane gasoline
blending components. For example, butanes can be dimerized into
isooctane which may subsequently be hydrogenated to form
isooctane.
Isomerization unit converts linear molecules to higher-octane
branched molecules for blending into gasoline or feed to alkylation
units.
Steam reforming unit produces hydrogen for the hydro-treaters
or hydro-crackers.
Liquefied gas storage units for propane and similar gaseous
fuels at pressure sufficient to maintain it in liquid form. These
units are usually spherical vessels or bullets (horizontal vessels
with rounded ends.
Cont…
Storage tanks for crude oil and finished products, usually
cylindrical, with some sort of vapor emission control and
surrounded by an earthen berm to contain Spills.
Amine gas treater, Claus unit, and tail gas treatment for
converting hydrogen sulfide from hydro-desulphurization into
elemental sulfur.
Utility units such as cooling towers for circulating cooling
water, boiler plants for steam generation, instrument air systems
for pneumatically operated control valves and an electrical
substation.
Cont…
Wastewater collection and treating systems consisting of API
(American Petroleum Institute) separators, Dissolved Air Flotation
(DAF) units and some type of further treatment (such as an
activated sludge bio-treater) to make such water suitable for reuse
or for disposal.
Solvent refining units use solvent such as cresol or furfural to
remove unwanted, mainly asphaltenic materials from lubricating oil
stock (or diesel stock).
Solvent de-waxing units remove the heavy waxy constituents
petrolatum from vacuum distillation products
Hydro Unit Plat former Unit
Steam Generation Unit Electricity Generation Unit
LPG Recovery Unit Desalter Unit
Waste Heat Recovery Unit
Reverse Osmosis Unit Water Softening Unit
Effluent Water Treatment Unit
Waste Management :
Waste at PRL is collected in a very organized manner before
sending to its final disposal /destination determined on the
basis of the type of material. All materials are initially
segregated at source of generation and shifted to the specified
cells of different categories of material (steel structure, damage
instrument, /equipment, aluminum, wood, glass, piping,
electrical fixtures & cables)) setup in scrap yard situated within
the Refinery premises.
Waste
PRL also conducts monthly testing of its all emissions sources such as
Stacks, Boilers & Generators. The graphical representation of the emission
level of different greenhouse gases vs. NEQS limits are given below for the
furnaces stack.
Emission
QUESTIONS or DISCUSSION?
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