Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA - · PDF fileDNA vs. RNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Double-stranded Sugar = deoxyribose Nucleotide Bases: Adenine Thymine Guanine
Post on 06-Mar-2018
217 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA
Chapter 12-3
Nucleic Acids
There are 2 types of nucleic acids.
DNA
RNA
All living organisms have both DNA and RNA.
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
They carry genetic information.
DNA vs. RNA DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Double-stranded
Sugar = deoxyribose
Nucleotide Bases:
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
Single-stranded
Sugar = ribose
Nucleotide Bases:
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
DNA
DNA Nitrogen Bases
G bonds to C
A bonds to T
G and A are purines
C and T are pyrimidines
DNA Double Helix
2 strands wrapped around each other
Strands are twisted because of the bonding of pyrimidines to purines
DNA
Double Helix
Strands are oriented in opposite directions
3’ to 5’ OR 5’ to 3’
Function of DNA
DNA can be copied, but that does NOT explain how a gene works.
DNA contains coded instructions for making proteins.
The first step of making proteins is decoding the genetic messages by copying the nucleotide sequence from DNA into RNA.
RNA
RNA Single Helix
1 twisted strand
3 Types
mRNA — Messenger RNA
tRNA — Transfer RNA
rRNA — Ribosomal RNA
Functions of RNA
In most cells RNA molecules have just one job — protein synthesis.
All 3 types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
The assembly of amino acids is controlled by RNA.
mRNA
Messenger RNA serve as messengers from DNA to the rest of the cell.
They carry copies of the instructions found on genes.
tRNA tRNA takes the
messages from mRNA and decodes them for the ribosome.
During the construction of a protein, transfer RNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosome.
rRNA Proteins are assembled on
ribosomes.
Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA.
Ribosomal RNA helps build the actual protein.
rRNA puts together the amino acid messages carried by mRNA and decoded by tRNA.
DNA vs. RNA Venn Diagram
DNA RNA Both
top related