N.SRIKANTH ASSISTANT DIRECTOR CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES D EPARTMENT OF AYUSH M INISTRY OF H EALTH & F AMILY W ELFARE G OVERNMENT.
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N.SRIKANTH ASSISTANT DIRECTOR CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF AYUSHMINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
AROMA THERAPY
IN AYURVEDACONCEPT AND THERAPEUTIC
APPLICATIONS
1
START OF PROCESS
Natural products
Botanical
Animal
Mineral
origins from India have initiated the scientific quest of Drugs since antiquity.
2
START OF PROCESSEVOLUTION OF INDIAN PHARMACOPEIA
3
Period Plants Remarks on changes Literature
3000 BC -1000 BC
289 Building a Pharmacopoea (Atharvaveda)
Vedic texts
1500 BC - 500 AD
650 Incorporation / discarding drugs
Ayurvedic Texts •Charaka Samhita •Sushrut Samhita •Astanga Samgraha
500 AD- 1900 AD
2000 Incorporation / discarding drugsVarieties identifiedSubstitutes identifiedExpansion in applications
16 major Nighantus(like Dhanvantari Bhavprakasha, Raja upto Shaligram)
India is having the world’s richest flora, comprising of about 120 families of plants,
comprising
1,30,000 species. Ayurvedic texts cover about 2400 species of plants with their medicinal uses as described
by ancient Indian medical scholars. 10,000 herbs are used worldwide for medicinal purposes
Susruta’s Approach: Reverse Pharmacology
Test intervention (Tallingatwat)
Feasibility; observational design (Dristhaphalatwat)
System validation (Agamaatsya)
4
ROOTS OF CLINICAL EXPERIMENTATION AND
DRUG TRIALS
ROOTS OF CLINICAL EXPERIMENTATION AND
DRUG TRIALS
Charaka’s Approach: Meticulous design & Emphasis on Reproducibility Feasible ideology / Hypothesis (Budhi psyathi ya bhavaan) Multi dimensional approach in planning &
assessment (Bahu karana yogajaan) Appropriate design (Yukti-Yogna) Perpetually valid outcome and reproducibility
(Yuktih trikalah)
5
START OF PROCESS
Some of the Ayurvedic plants Interesting leads for drug discovery
Structural modifications of active principles leading to a cascade of new “chemical” drugs
In global use and pharmacology research
6
PHYTO CHEMICAL CLASS
7
Source: Ehrman et al, J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47(2):254-263
MARKET POTENTIAL
Market comprising of Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha & Homoeopathic medicine is around US $ 1.5 billion Rs 8800 Crore.
Approximate share of Ayurvedic formulations is 84% (Homeopathy 14%, Unani 2% and Siddha less than 1%.)
8
USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
9
CHINA 40%CHILE 71%COLUMBIA 40%INDIA 80-90%*AUSTRALIA 48%BELGIUM 70%CANADA 70%FRANCE 49%USA 42%UK 70%NORTH IRELAND 90%
*Status and Role of AYUSH and Local Health Traditions Under National Rural Health Mission- Report of a Study; National Health Systems Resource Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India New Delhi; 2010 WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005. Document WHO/EDM/TRM/2002.
AROMA THERAPY
AROMA indicates Fragrance & therapy denotes treatment.
The therapy in which Aromatic material is used called Aromatherapy.
10
FOUR MAJOR AREAS OF APPLICATIONS
11
SNo. Areas Details
1 Aesthetic Role in beauty and skin care
2 Psychological Effects on moods /feelings
3 Holistic Body mind and sprit integration
4 Medical Maintenance of homoeostasis
AROMA THERAPY – HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
12
SNo. Details Period
1 Vedic period 3000 BC.
2 Ayurveda samhitas 1500 BC - 500 AD3 Egyptian papyri 1555 BC
4 Shine medical book 2700 BC.5 Avicenna(Arabia) 980 AD-1037AD
6. 16 major Nighantus(like Dhanvantari Bhavprakasha, Raja upto Shaligram)
500 AD- 1900 AD
AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
Antiquity of use of medicinal and aromatic plants, poly herbal, mineral based formulations for therapeutic and cosmetic purpose goes back to the Vedic period
Vedic literatures recount about
Nutritive
Immune enhancing
actions attributed to aromatic properties
13
‘Sugandhim Pustivardhanam’
A mention of importance of cosmetics is highlighted in Mantras and descriptions on gods and goddesses.
Number of Aromatic plants/ preparations have been in use for
Psychosomatic disorders
As antimicrobial agents
As antiseptics
14AROMA THERAPY -
HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
Description of medicinal and cosmetic utility plants viz Kustha (Sassurea lappa) Chandana (Santalam album) Kumkum (Crocus sativus)
can be traced from oldest Indian literatures like Upanishads, epics, etc.
Many cosmetics are described which are aromatic in nature.
15
16
Lord Dhanvantari the God of Ayurveda is the Incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
Their description denotes the importance and uses of Aromatic material like Kasturi Tilakam Chandan Lepanam etc.
Gandhamadan, a mountain named after so, harboring ample fragrant plants (Ramayan, Vagbhata)
AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
17 AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
18AROMA THERAPY -
HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
19AROMA THERAPY -
HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
20
ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
21 AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK
CONCEPT OF AROMA IN AYURVEDA
Aroma - as an integral component of Prithvi Mahabhuta attributed with Gandha Guna (fragrance)
Categorized as Surabhi (compatible ) Asurabhi(incompatible)
Therapeutic Value:A number of aromatic plant, animal & mineral sources attributed with medicinal value.
Relevance in Anatomical applications (Phana Marma)
22
CONCEPT….
Specific pharmaceutical dosage forms to retain the aroma of the drugs. (Arka, Hima, Phanta etc.)
Numerous pharmaceutical & clinical applications
Special routes of administration of dosage forms pertaining to aromatic properties
Personal, Social & Environmental Hygiene and preventive health care
23
APPLICATIONS OF AROMA THERAPY IN AYURVEDA
Ayurvedic literatures mention the following wide-ranging applications of Aroma in Health Care System: Preventive health Environmental Health Public health Pharmaceuticals Therapeutics
24
APPLICATIONS IN PREVENTIVE HEALTH
Utility of garlands enriched with aromatic flowers as a part of daily regime (Ch. Su. 5/96)
Inhaling flavors/fumes of aromatic medicinal plants as a daily regime
Prescribed to stay in gardens having aromatic flowers in summer seasons as a part of seasonal regime
Fumigation of clothing with aromatic plants/products
Avoidance of exposure to excessive/improper smells/flavors
25
APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL &
PUBLIC HEALTH
Purification of water with aromatic herbs
Fumigating the environment with aromatic plants/products to prevent epidemics/infectious diseases
Sterilizing the labour rooms, Pediatric wards & OTs with antimicrobial aromatic plants (Dashang Dhoopa)
26
APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICS
Evolution of specialized dosage forms for aromatic herbs to retain their medicinal properties (Arka etc.)
Fumigating the containers with aromatic plants/products to prevent contamination & infestations
Sterilizing the Drug store rooms, with Anti-microbial aromatic plants
Determining the pharmaceutical specifications/end-points of manufacturing processes of various dosage forms (Avaleha & medicated oil/ghee etc)
27
APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICS
Addition of aromatic excipients/Treatment of distillates of aromatic medicinal herbs according to targeted indications (Arka)
- For Vata Disorders : Guggulu
- For Pitta Disorders : Chandana
- For Kapha Disorders : Jatamamsi Use of aromatic excipients for patients’
compliance/acceptability
Treating the oils with aromatic plants/products before utilizing them for manufacture (taila and ghrita murchana)
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APPLICATIONS IN THERAPEUTICS
Fumigation for wound-healing
Fumigation to prevent & manage infectious & contagious diseases
Induction of emesis (Madanaphala-Lotus)
Aphrodisiac agents
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Nardostachys jatamansi
Nasal Administration of certain medicaments
Management of headache
Management of psychotic disorders to restore the consciousness
e.g. Restoring consciousness of Lakshman is an example of application of aromatic nasal medicaments as narrated in Ramayana.
30
APPLICATIONS IN THERAPEUTICS
31
SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL
PLANTS
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Aromatic Plant Therapeutic Indication
Karpoora (Cinnamomum camphora)
Ophthalmic Use , Obesity
Kasturi(Moschus moschiferus)
Eye, Perfumes
Chandana (Santalum album)
Cardiac tonic, Cosmetic
Aguru (Aquaria agalocha) Eye and Ear Diseases
Kunkuma (Crocus sativus) Hiccough, headache, Wound healing, Cosmetic purposes
Jatiphala (Mysterica fragrans)
Throat problems, Anti-infective, cough, cold
SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS
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Aromatic Plant Therapeutic Indication
Jatipatri (Mysterica fragrans) Anti-toxic, Anti-infective
Lavanga (Syzigium aromaticum)
Eye diseases, Cardiac tonic
Ela (Elatorum cardamomum) Anti-toxic, Respiratory disorders, cardiac & urinary disorders
Tamalapatra (Cinnamonum tamala)
Anti-toxic, Respiratory disorders, cardiac & urinary disorders
Twak(Syzigium zeylanicum) Anti-toxic, Respiratory disorders, cardiac & urinary disorders
Nagakeshara (Mesua feria) Perfume, Skin diseases,
SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS
34
Aromatic Plant Therapeutic Indication
Talisapatra(Abbies webiana)
Respiratory Diseases, Arthritis,
Jatamansi (Nordostachys jatamamsi)
Blood purifier, Skin disorders
Usheera(Vetivaria zizanoides)
Skin diseases, Wound healing, Urinary problems,
Guggulu(Commiphora mukul)
Wound healing, Obesity, Arthritis, Skin diseases
Shathi (Curcuma zedoria) Skin diseases, Blood purifier
Tagara(Valleriana wallichi) Anti-infective, Anti-toxic, eye diseases
SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS
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Aromatic Plant Therapeutic Indication
Padma (Nulimbo nucifera)
Blood Purifier, Anti-toxic, skin diseases
Jati (Jasminum humile) Wound healing, Dental problems, Blood purifier
Champaka (Michelia champa)
Urinary disorders, blood purifier
Tulasi(Ocimum sanctum) Skin diseases, Urinary disorders, Blood purifier, Anti-infective
SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS
36THERAPEUTIC VALUES
OF ESSENTIAL OILS
THERAPEUTIC VALUES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
37
Arka prakasha, ancient book on Ayurveda contributed by Ravana has elaborated the importance of
- therapeutic utility of essential oils
-pharmaceutical SOPs for preparations of distillates from aromatic plants for topical and internal use.
ROLE OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN AROMA THERAPY 38
Skin health care
Emotional care(Relieving stress)
Respiratory diseases
Muscular pain
Digestive disorders
Anti-inflammatory
Hormonal balance
ROLE OF AROMA……39
Aroma therapy may acts as: An add on or adjuvant therapy with
conventional medicine
Supports emotionally during main therapy
CLASSIFICATION OF AROMATIC DRUGS
Aromatic Drugs may be Organic or Inorganic
Organic –Animal Origin
Musk
Ambar (Dried Intestinal material of whale)
Inorganic
Clay from specific places like Padmaj Panka.
(Mud surrounding Lotus).
Multani Mitti
40
HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL41
Pandanus odorotissinus – ketaki
Jasminum officinale – Jati
Rosa centifolia – Taruni
Cinnamomum – Dalchini
Cummin Seeds – Jiram
Alpinia galanga – Kulinjan’
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• Cyperus Rotundus – Nut grass• Curcuma longa – Haldi• Sussurea lappa – kushtha• Nelumbo nucifera –Sacred
lotus• Santalum Album –
Sandlewood• Citrus medica – Matulunga• Aqualaria agollocha – Agaru• Crocus sativus – Kesar
HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL
43
Curcuma longa
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• Pterocarpus santalum – Red Sandal
• Butea monosperma – Palash
• Nymphaea stellata – Nilkamal
• Zingiber officinale - Dry ginger
• Cidrus Deodara – Deodar
• Michelia chapaca – Champa
HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL
45
• Vetivera zizanioidis – Ushira
• Shorea robusta - Sarjarasa (Ral)
• Piper longum – Pippali
• Piper nigrum – Maricha
• Madhuca indica – Mahuva
• Cinnamonum tamala - Tejpatra
HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL
46
• Mesua ferrea – Nagkesar
• Callicarpa macrophylla – Priyangu
• Psoralia corylifolia – Bakuchi
• Feronia limonia – Kapittha patra
• Nardostachys jatamansi – Jatamansi
• Anethumsova – Shatpushpa
• Ellettaria cardamonum – Ela
• Parmelia perlata – stone flowers
(clove)
HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL
47
Nardostachys jatamansi
Mesua ferrea
AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS
CONTAINING AROMATIC HERBS
Most of the above class drugs are described in many diseases
But their main use is in
Respiratory
Cardiac
Aphrodisiac
Cosmetic &
Oral preparations
48
RESPIRATORY AROMATIC PREPARATIONS49
• Karpurasava
• Trijatakvati
• Tulsi tailam,
• Jivandhara inhalation
CARDIAC AROMATIC PREPARATIONS
50
• Cinnamonum camphora Preparations
• Kasturibhairav Rasa,
• Kasturibhushan rasa
• Brihat Drakshasava
• Vidari Ghritam
• Kesharadivati
• Chaturbhujrasa
AROMATIC ORAL & DENTAL PREPARATIONS
MOUTH FRESHENER/ PASTE/POWDERS
51
• Krishnadi chuarnam
• Jatipatradi churnam
• Dantarogashani churnam
• Pathadhy churnam
• Beejpur yoga
• Mundyadi churnam
• Kushthadi yoga
• Sarivapatra churnam
FACIAL COMPLEXION ENHANCER
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• Sharpunkhadi lepa
• Jatiphal lepa
• Lodhradi lepa
• Sarshapadi lepa
• Vatpatradi lepa
• Kunkumadi Lepa
• Vatadi Lepa
• Haritaladi Lepa
• Yavadi Lepa
• Ankolabijadi Lepa
• Jatiphaldi Lepa
• Chandanadi Lepa
• Aaranya tulsi Lepa
53 FACIAL COMPLEXION ENHANCER
54
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HAIR CARE AROMATIC PREPARATIONS
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• Gokshuradi lepa
• Nilopalodyo lepa
• Bhringadilepa
• Mansyadi lepa
• Ayorajadi lepa
• Madhukadi lepa
• Marsdenia tenacissima
• Marichadi lepa
• Yashtyadi lepa
• Karanjali tailam
• Ral tailam
• Vachadi tailam
• Madan tailam
• Padmabijadi
Yoga
• Eladilepa
• Karvirlepa
• Karpuradilepa
• Bhallatakadi
lepa
• Marichadi lepa
• Vajravallilepa
• Shunthyadi lepa
• Marichadi lepa
• Vajravalli lepa
• Shunthyadi lepa
• Manhashivadi
lepa
• Maharastripadi
lepa
HAIR CARE AROMATIC PREPARATIONS
AROMATIC PREPARATIONSIN SEXUAL DISORDERS
58
• Paninashak tailam
• Rativallabhakhya tailam
• Brahad bringaraj tailam
• Mahamasha tailam
• Gadhikaran yoga
• Gadhikaran lepa
• Sthulikaran lepa
• Ashvagandhaditailam
• Alambushadya tailam
• Karisadya tailam
• Ajaypal tailam
• Palashbij tailam
AROMATIC PREPARATIONS –
METHODS AND FORMS
59
BathAdd 5-6 drops of E.O. to almond base oil
and add to your bath water. Hand & Foot bath
Add 2-3 drops of E.O. to 5 ml. Pure almond oil/milk. Mix this with 200 ml. Warm water
in a bowel and soak your hand or feet for 15-20 minutes. Massage Select any E.O. as per the condition add 5 to 20
ml. of almond oil and use for massage, this is beneficial for massage of scalp and face but for other parts or whole body massage use ginger or coconut oil mixed with E.O.
AROMATIC PREPARATIONS – METHODS AND FORMS 60
MassageSelect any E.O. as per the condition add 5 to 20 ml. of almond oil and use for massage, this is beneficial for massage of scalp and face but for other parts or whole body massage use ginger or coconut oil mixed with E.O.VaporisersAdd 6-10 drops of selected E.O. to warm water in oil burner and light it, the generated vapors will give desired effects.
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InhalationsAdd 2-3 drops of E.O. to a bowl of boiling water, cover your head and the bowl with towel, the vaporized steam will act through respiration.InfusionsUsed for delicate aromatic herbs, leaves, flowers etc. Preparing an infusion is like making a cup of tea. The boiled water poured over an herb or mixture of herbs, it is covered to 10 to 15 minutes and then can be consuming.DecoctionsThis is used for tougher and more fibrous plant material. Instead of steeping in hot water, the plant material is boiled for a longer time to soften the hard woody material and release active constituents.
AROMATIC PREPARATIONS – METHODS AND FORMS
62
TincturesA tincture is an alcohol and water extract used when the plants active chemicals are not very soluble in water. The shelf-life of tinctures is more.
Macerations
Dried aromatic plant material is covered in cool
water and soaked overnight. The herb strained oil
and the liquid is taken.
Poultices and compresses
To relieve local pain or overcome poultices and
compresses are used.
AROMATIC PREPARATIONS – METHODS AND FORMS
AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
63
Aromatic Material
Therapeutic Uses
Tulsi Respiratory problemsMental fatigue and poor memoryUseful in spastic muscleRelives mental tension
Bergamot
it is very much useful it contains more them 300 chemical constituents Acne, boils, cold sores, eczema, insect bitespsoriasis, insect repellent, scabies, wound, ulcers, sore throatDepression refreshing mind
Birch
Muscle and joint painIncrease awareness in the sensory system
Clove
Useful in respiratory disordersToothachesImproves oral hygiene
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Coriander Anti-inflammatoryMild sedative action
Cypress
Anti-inflammatoryHeals emotionsUrinary diseases
Davana
Skin smootherEndocrine stimulator and improverHormonal balanceAnti-bacterial
Dill
BronchitisHepato-protectiveSupports pancreatic function
Eucalyptus
Health promoterBronchitis, coldOral hygieneEuphoric
AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
65
Corupe front
Digestive disordersObesityRelieves negativity
Helicrysum Tissue regenerativeAnalgesicSkin careEuphoric
Hyssop
Anti-inflammatoryAnti-viralMucolytic and expectorantAnti-parasiticScat softeningAnti-bacterial
Jasmine
Skin careFrigidityDepressionMyalgiaEnhances optimismEuphonic
AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
66
Lavender
Burns, rash, psoriasisInsomniaPMS
Fennel
Relieves PMS and menopausal symptomsFeels well beingDetoxification
Fir
ArthritisBronchitisAnti-infective
Frankincense Used since time of Lord Christa Helps in meditation and spiritual awareness
Galbanum
Anti-viralSupports body strength
AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
67
Ginger ArthritisMyalgiaCongestionBronchitisIndigestionMotion sicknessNauseaAnti-inflammatoryLymphatic oesema
Geranium
Regenerate tissue and nervesSkin careBalancing hormonesRelease negative memories
Lemon
Digestive problemsAir purifierFeels energetic
Lemon Grass
Digestive problemsRegenerate connective tissueCreates awareness
AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
68
Myrrh
Skin careBronchitisOral hygieneDigestive problems
Nutmeg
Analgesic nausea anti-infectiveOvercome frigidity andRelieves nervous fatigue
Orange
StomatitisDyspepsiaColdEmotional support
Patchouli
Anti-rinkleRelease anxietyAphrodisiac
Pipper
Stimulates endocrine systemMucolytic and expectorant ArthritisIncreases cellular oxygenation
Peppermint Nausea, vomitingPhyarangitisOral hygiene
Rose
DetoxicatingBrings body-mind balanceAnti-haemorrhagicPrevention scarringBronchitisAnti-urinkleCreating sense of well-being
Sandalwood
Similar to frankincense helps in meditation. Burning micturationRemoves negative thinking
Thyme
Supports immune systemOvercome physical weaknessDigestive disorders
White Lotus
Spiritual and emotional supportSupports immune systemAnti-cancerEuphoricPious feeling
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AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils
Therapeutic Properties
Aldehydes
Releasing, calming and sedative, Anti-inflammatory Anti-septic, Anti-microbial
Phenols Highly anti-septic and anti-microbial Stimulating immune system
Sesquiterpenol Mood balancing, Anti-inflammatory Immune system enhancer
Ketones
Mind relaxer, Mucolytic and expectorant supporting respiratory system, Stimulates cell regeneration
Esters Mind relaxer, Anti-spasmodic, Anti-fungalAlcohol Anti-bacterial, Anti-viralMonoterpenes
Detoxifying, Diuretic, Anti-septic, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory Analgesic, Anti-spasmodic, Immunity stimulator
Azulene Anti-histaminic, Highly anti-inflammatory, Promoting healing
Bisabolol Is the strongest sesquifterpene, Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-inflammatory
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AROMATIC MATERIAL &
THERAPEUTIC USES
71
Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils
Therapeutic Properties
AldehydesReleasing, calming and sedative, Anti-inflammatory Anti-septic, Anti-microbial
Phenols Highly anti-septic and anti-microbial Stimulating immune system
Sesquiterpenol
Mood balancing, Anti-inflammatory Immune system enhancer
Ketones
Mind relaxer, Mucolytic and expectorant supporting respiratory system, Stimulates cell regeneration
Esters Mind relaxer, Anti-spasmodic, Anti-fungalAlcohol Anti-bacterial, Anti-viralMonoterpenes
Detoxifying, Diuretic, Anti-septic, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory Analgesic, Anti-spasmodic, Immunity stimulator
Azulene Anti-histaminic, Highly anti-inflammatory, Promoting healing
MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ESSENTIAL O ILS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES
BisabololIs the strongest sesquifterpene, Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-inflammatory
Flavonoids
This group of compound is thoroughly researched and found Immunity enhancer, Anti-cancer, Preventing cardio-vascular disorders, Improves circulation, Maintains healthy status
Farnesol Highly anti-inflammatory, Anti-bacterial
FarnesenceHighly anti-viral
LimoneneHighly anti-viral
Terpene alcohols
Highly anti-bacterial, Immunity enhancer
Terpene hydrocarbons
Highly anti-viral
ThujoneMucolytic and expectorant, Immunity enhancer
72 MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES
SAFETY INFORMATION PERTAINING TO ESSENTIAL
OILS73
• Essential oils are powerful• Highly concentrated oils can be
harmful if misused.• In general not to use undiluted
essential oils on skin.• Some E.O. can cause adverse
reactions, better to do a skin patch test prior to use for the first time.
• Place a drop of the diluted E.O. on the inside of elbow, apply and bandage and wait for 24 hours to observe any reaction.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Irritation-rashes, mild itching, burning. Vanishes if oil is discontinued
Sensitization: More serious then irritation can cause charges into immune by stem. If used body repeatedly then the body shows sensitization in the form of rashes, allergic reaction, itching etc.
Photo sensitization – Photo toxicity
74
ADVERSE REACTIONS
• E.O. causes a reaction to ultraviolet light. Reaction may be in the form of brown blotches to burning of the skin.
• The condition may persists for a longer period and may reoccur if exposed to ultraviolet light again.
• In pregnant condition Birch and winter green E.O. should be avoided as they are readily absorbed by the skin causing irritation.
• In epileptic patients the strong odour E.O. should be avoided as they may initiate an epileptic attack.
eg.Camphor, Fennel, Rosmary etc.
75
SOME OF THE E.O. SHOULD BE USED CAUTIOUSLY
76
E.O. causing Sensitization
• Balasm• Benzoin resinod and oil• Cinnamon bark oil• Inula graveolens• Rue oil• Verbena
E.O. causing photo sensitization
• Rue oil• Bergamot oil
E.O. with toxic action:• Wosmseed
(chenopodium)• Tausy oil
E.O. with carcinoglenic action:
• Calamus• Sassafoas
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HOW AROMA WORKS: AYURVEDIC AND
CONTEMPORARY UNDERSTANDING
83
• Affects body’s physiological system like digestive, respiratory etc. directly or indirectly peppermint, ginger, sandalwood etc.
• On skin – vasodilatation – producing warming effect.
• Through olfactory route effects brain, sending electrica messages directly into the limbic system resulting impacts on memory, learning, emotions, thinking and feeling etc. most of the scents calm the nervous system, uplift spirits, creates euphoria or sedation etc.
HOW AROMA WORKS
Mainly Aroma works through the sense of olfaction
Olfactory sense is highly developed in some mammals like dog, rabbits, etc. called Macro-somative
but in man it is not well developed called micro-somative.
The sense of smell contributes greatly to the joy of life.
84
NASAL ROUTE ……..85
MARMAS –ITS ROLE
86 PHANA MARMA SRINGATAKA MARMA
87T H E L I M B I C A R EA I S R ES P O N S I B L E F O R E M OT I O N S ,
P L EA S U R E , M E M O RY, H O R M O N A L BA L A N C E , F EA R , E TC
Scope And Limitations of Aroma Therapy88
only Aroma therapy may not be a cure for all
it may not a complete therapy
It may be supplemented to other therapies
As add-on
Adjunct
to conventional therapies
Thank you
89
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