November, 2005 Iowa Department of Public Health. Tobacco Use in Iowa Approximately 4,600 tobacco- related deaths annually 20% of high school students.
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November, 2005
Iowa Department of Public Health
Tobacco Use in Iowa
Approximately 4,600 tobacco-related deaths annually
20% of high school students are current smokers (2004 IYTS)
20.3% of adults are current smokers (2004 IATS)
Annual health care costs directly caused by smoking - $937 million
Intervention Model for Patients Willing to Discuss Quitting
ASK about tobacco use
ADVISE to quit
REFER patient to cessation resources This step relieves a
practitioner of responsibility for the final 3 A’s (Assess, Assist, Arrange)
Step 1: Ask
Systematically ask every patient about tobacco use at every visit.
Determine if patient is current, former, or never tobacco user.
Determine what form of tobacco is used.
Determine frequency of use. Document tobacco use
status in the medical record.
Step 2: Advise
In a clear, strong, and personalized manner, urge every tobacco user to quit.
Tobacco users who have failed in previous quit attempts can be assured that most people make repeated attempts before they are successful.
Employ the teachable moment: link visit findings with advice.
Step 3: Refer
Assess if patient is willing to discuss quitting
Assist those who are willing by providing information about Quitline Iowa
Use proactive referral Request written permission to fax
contact information to Quitline Iowa
Inform the patient that Quitline Iowa program staff will provide follow-up
Follow-up at next visit – repeat process if necessary
Fax Referral Program
Efficient method for referring patients who smoke to effective cessation services
Research indicates that physician referral of patients to smoking cessation programs is associated with a significantly higher participation rate than simply telling patients they should stop smoking
Alleviates some of the problems posed by limited time and resources
Takes the burden of initiating services off of the patient
How Fax Referral Works
1. HCP/clinician identifies patient as a smoker willing to discuss quitting
2. HCP/clinician educates patient on services of Quitline Iowa
3. Patient completes information on fax referral form providing consent for HCP/clinician to release information to Quitline Iowa to initiate counseling
4. Based on times provided by patient, Quitline Iowa staff contact patient to begin cessation counseling
5. Quitline Iowa provides feedback to HCP/clinician on status of patient – check-off box on fax referral form
Quitline Iowa Benefits
Effective, research-based cessation resource
Less time spent on tobacco cessation counseling during patient appointments
Increase in the number of patients who receive cessation counseling and who ultimately quit
No additional investment in materials, training, or other programs needed
What is Quitline Iowa?
Toll-free hotline available to all Iowans, including pregnant women and teens
Staffed 8 a.m. to midnight, seven days a week
Services in English & Spanish
Interpreters available for most other languages
TDD line, 1-866-822-2857
Offers Comprehensive and Intensive counseling programs; tailored to client’s needs
Who Provides Quitline Iowa Services?
Operated by the Iowa Tobacco Research Center in the Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa John Lowe, DrPH, FAHPA,
FAAHBDirector, ITRC
Mary Aquilino, Ph.D., MSN, FNPDeputy Director, ITRC
Funded by the Division of Tobacco Use Prevention & Control, Iowa Department of Public Health
Quitline Iowa Staff
Quitline Iowa currently employs 11 part-time counselors (FTE=2.93).
Graduate students in counseling psychology, rehabilitation counseling, health education, nursing and related fields
Professional therapists and educators
New counselors receive comprehensive training in treatment of tobacco dependence, motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.
Counselors receive continuing education through training sessions, monthly meetings and materials such as research articles and tip sheets.
Other staff include program coordinator, training coordinator/advanced counselor, program manager, research assistant and half-time database manager.
Quitline Iowa Services
Counseling treatment for tobacco users who want to quit
Information for friends, family and others concerned about someone’s tobacco use
Educational and self-help materials for anyone interested in quitting
Referrals to local tobacco cessation programs and services.
NRT coupon programs to provide financial assistance for smokers, available by county residency or health services providers
Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change
PRECONTEMPLATION: Not thinking of quitting, does not see a problem
CONTEMPLATION: Examines smoking and potential to quit in a risk-reward analysis
PREPARATION: Makes a commitment to quit and develops a quit plan
ACTION: Has quit smoking (for under 6 months) and is implementing a quit plan
MAINTENANCE: Has been smoke free for an extended period of time (over 6 months) and all associated changes are consolidated into lifestyle
Prochaska and DiClemente, (1984)
Quitline Iowa Cessation Programs
Comprehensive Program Assess stage of change Create quit plan if applicable Mail materials Follow up at 1, 2, 4 weeks
Intensive Program Intake questionnaire One-on-one counseling in up to
10 sessions Excellent for heavy smokers
Effectiveness of Quitlines
Research indicates smokers who receive telephone cessation counseling double their chances of staying quit; e.g.:
Zhu, et al., 2002. Evidence of real-world effectiveness of a telephone quitline for smokers. New England Journal of Medicine
Borland, et al., 2001. The effectiveness of callback counseling for smoking cessation: a randomized trial. Addiction
A meta-analysis of 27 studies of the efficacy of telephone quitlines indicates that proactive telephone counseling is more effective compared to interventions without personal contact, such as self-help materials.
Stead, et al., 2003—Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews
A study of NRT added to quitline counseling indicates that the combination increases the likelihood of quitting.
Zhu, et al., 2000. Telephone counseling as adjuvant treatment for nicotine replacement therapy in a "real-world" setting.Preventive Medicine
Quitline Iowa Results
Quitline Iowa quit rates: FY 2005 FY 2004
Smoke free for any period (24 hours or more)
73% 58%
Smoke free for 30 days or more
40% 39%
For More Information
Esther Baker, Program Coordinator Phone: 319-384-4845 Fax: 319-384-4841 E-mail: esther-baker@uiowa.edu
Jeanie Kimbel, Training Coordinator Phone: (319) 384-4842 Fax: (319) 384-4841 E-mail: jeanine-kimbel@uiowa.edu
@ 2005 The University of Iowa. All rights reserved.
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