Nouns grammer
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1
7-1 Plural forms of nouns7-2 Pronunciation of final –s/-es7-3 Possessive nouns7-4 Using nouns as modifiers7-5 Count and noncount noun7-6 Noncount nouns7-7- Some common noncount noun7-8 Basic article usage7-9 General article usage7-10 Expression of quantity7-11 Singular expression of quantity : one ,each ,every
CONTENTS
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
one potato
six potatoes
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one dream two dreamsone boat two boats
one shoe two shoes
(a)
most plural nounsadd –s
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one wish two wishesone latch two latches
one glass two glassesone mix two mixes
(b)
add –esendings: –sh, –ch, –ss, –x
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one story two storiesone party two parties
(c)
–y –i and add –esendings: consonant + –y
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6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one boy two boysone ray two rays
(d)
add –s
endings: vowel + –y
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6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one life two livesone elf two elves
(e)
–fe or –f –vesendings: –fe or –f Exceptions:
beliefs, chiefs, roofs, cuffs, cliffs
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
PLURAL
one potato two potatoesone piano two pianos
one zero two zeroes/zeros
(f)
sometimes –oes sometimes –os
endings: –o
SINGULAR
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one child two childrenone goose two geese
one tooth two teeth
(g)
irregular plural forms
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one deer two deerone sheep two sheep
one species two species
(h)
plural form = singular form
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one bacterium two bacteriaone cactus two cactione crisis two crises
one analysis two analyses one oasis two oases one thesis two theses
(i)
foreign plurals : When a noun ends in ‘’us change it into ‘’I’ and when ends with ‘is’ change it into ‘es’.
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7-1
PLURAL FORMS OF
NOUNS
End with ‘-on’ change into ‘a’
one phenomenon two phenomenaCriterion two criteria
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
some nouns, end with ‘a’ add ‘e’,end with ix change into ‘ices’ or add
‘es’ only
formula- formulae/ formulasvertebra- vertebraecurriculum- curricula
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7-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
data- datum medium - media
AL FORMS OF NOUNS
data- datum medium - media
some nouns, end with ‘a’ change into ‘ um’end with ‘ um’ change into ‘a’
1515
6-2 NOUNS: IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS
SINGULAR PLURAL children feet
menmiceteethwomen
(a) child (b) foot(c) man(d) mouse(e) tooth(f ) woman
1616
sheep fish
people
(g) sheep (h) fish(i ) (none)
6-5 NOUNS: IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS
SINGULAR PLURAL
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6-1 LET’S PRACTICE
one goat two ______
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7-1 LET’S PRACTICE
one ape many ____ape
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6-1 LET’S PRACTICE
one stitch many ______stitch
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7-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
cats = cat/z/
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6-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
(a) eats = eat/s/ taps = tap/s/ bikes = bike/s/
/s/ as in “bus” voiceless sounds
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7-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
(a) eats = eat/s/ taps = tap/s/
bikes = bike/s/
/s/ as in “bus” voiceless sounds
examples: /t/, /p/, /k/
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67-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
(b) reads = read/z/ jars = jar/z/ tolls = toll/z/ paws = paw/z/
/z/ as in “buzz” voiced sounds
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6-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
(b) reads = read/z/ jars = jar/z/ tolls = toll/z/ paws = paw/z/
/z/ as in “buzz” voiced sounds
examples: /d/, /r/, /l/, /m/, /b/, all vowel sounds
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7-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
(c) wishes = wish/ z/ catches = catch/ z/ glasses = glass/ z/ sizes = size/ z/ wages = wage/ z/ judges = judge/ z/
/ z/ adds a syllable –s/–es pronounced / z/
әәә
әәә
әә
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7-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES
(c) wishes = wish/ z/ catches = catches/ z/ glasses = glass/ z/ sizes = size/ z/ wages = wage/ z/ judges = judge/ z/
әә
әә
әә
/ z/ adds a syllable -s/-es pronounced / z/ after
–sh, –ch, –s, –z, –ge / –dge sounds
әә
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cupcakes = cupcake__
7-2 LET’S PRACTICE
a. /s/ b. /z/ c. / z/
e/s/
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watches = watch___
6-2 LET’S PRACTICE
a. /s/ b. /z/ c. / z/
e/ z/
e
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cars = car__
6-2 LET’S PRACTICE
a. /s/ b. /z/ c. / z/
e/z/
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7-3 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
I try to remember my classmates’ names.
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6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR: (a) Do you know the teacher s name?
‘
PLURAL: (b) Do you know the teachers names?
PLURAL: (c) Do you know the children s names?
‘‘
SINGULAR
(d) the teacher the teacher’s name her cat her cat’s name a woman that woman’s name
(e) Miles Miles’/Miles’s name
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7-3 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR
(d) the teacher the teacher’s name her cat her cat’s name a woman that woman’s name
(e) Miles Miles’s/ Miles’ name
SINGULAR POSSESSIVE NOUN: noun + apostrophe + -s
two possibilities
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6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
COMPARE
(h) Camilla’s here.
(i) Camilla’s son is here.
Camilla’s = Camilla + is
Camilla’s = a possessive
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7-3 LET’S PRACTICE
The __________ drawing is almost complete.
1. engineer’s2. engineers’
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7-4 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
I use a computer mouse.
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7-4 USING NOUNS AS MODIFIER
(a) Kids love water slides.
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7-4 USING NOUNS AS MODIFIER
(a) Kids love water slides.
(b) The night market has fruits and vegetables.
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7-4 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
(a) Kids love water slides.
(b) The night market has fruits and vegetables.
(c) waters slides
(d) a nights market
noun used as adjective singular
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7-4 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
The test lasted two hours.It was two-hour test.
Her son is five years old.She has a five-year-old son.
When a number and a noun are used as modifier they are separated by hyphen(-)
When a noun and a number are used asmodifier they are separated by hyphen(-) When a noun and a number are used asmodifier they are separated by hyphen(-)
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6-9 LET’S PRACTICE
He is writing a report about his research.Nouns?
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6-9 LET’S PRACTICE
He is writing a report about his research.
It is a ________ report.
Nouns
research
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6-9 LET’S PRACTICE
We use computers in the lab.Nouns?
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6-9 LET’S PRACTICE
We use computers in the lab.
It is a _________ lab.
Nouns
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6-9 LET’S PRACTICE
He is a clown in the circus.
Nouns ?
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6-11 LET’S PRACTICE
The __________ drawing is almost complete.
1. engineer’s2. engineers’
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6-11 LET’S PRACTICE
1. engineer’s2. engineers’
The __________ drawingis for a new symphony hall.
engineers’
Sometimes people workin teams.
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6-11 LET’S PRACTICE
The __________ drawingsare almost complete.
engineers’
A project may require multiple drawings.
1. engineer’s2. engineers’
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7-4 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR: (a) Do you know the teacher s name?
‘
PLURAL: (b) Do you know the teachers names?
PLURAL: (c) Do you know the children s names?
‘‘
SINGULAR
(d) the teacher the teacher’s name her cat her cat’s name a woman that woman’s name
(e) Miles Miles’/Miles’s name
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6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR: (a) Do you know the teacher s name?
‘
PLURAL: (b) Do you know the teachers names?
PLURAL: (c) Do you know the children s names?
‘‘
PLURAL
(f) the workers the workers’ names my friends my friends’ names
(g) men men’s names children the children’s names
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6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
PLURAL
(f) the workers the workers’ names my friends my friends’ names
(g) men men’s names children the children’s names
PLURAL POSSESSIVE NOUN: noun + -s + apostrophe
IRREGULAR PLURAL POSSESSIVE NOUN: noun + apostrophe + -s
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6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
COMPARE
(h) Camilla’s here.
(i) Camilla’s son is here.
Camilla’s = Camilla + is
Camilla’s = a possessive
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11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
Yes. Let’s buy a table
and four chairs.
Should we buy some
furniture?
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11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
COUNT NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
a table Ø tablesone table five tables some tables
can be countedcan be preceded by a/anhas a plural form (-s or -es)
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11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
NONCOUNT NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
Ø furniture Ø
some furniture Ø
one furniture
a furniture
furnitures
cannot be countedis not preceded by a/andoes not have a plural form
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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE
We love to see movies.
count?
?NOUN
noncount
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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE
I need some new jewelry.
count?
?NOUN
noncount
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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Which utensil do you want?
count ?
?NOUN
noncount
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
The river is so beautiful.All the scenery is beautiful.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
He did a lot of work today.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(a) The jar is made of glass.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(b) Do you want a glass of milk?
(c) Barb has new glasses.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(d) Jenn has blue hair !
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(e) There is a hair in your food!
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(f) These beams are made of iron.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(g) He bought a new iron.
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6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS. THE OTHER
May I have another piece of pizza?
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
letterspostcardsbillsadvertisementsetc.
INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)
(a)
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
fruit
grapesbananasapplesorangesetc.
(b)
INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
jewelry
necklacesringsbraceletsPinsearingsetc.
(c)
INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)
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11-3 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
We have really old furniture__./
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11-3 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
She loves these pearl earring__.s
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11-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I keep all the information__ on my PDA.
/ -s-es /
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
soda juice oil lemonade
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
soda juice oil lemonade
SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS
copper cement silver gold
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
soda juice oil lemonade
SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS
GASES
helium smoke oxygen
copper cement silver gold
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(b) THINGS THAT OCCUR IN NATURE
moonlight sleet fog
(c) ABSTRACTIONS
joy enthusiasm danger
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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Health __ and happiness __ often go together.
/ /
-s-es /
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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
Ginny has all the luck__.Thing__ always go well for her.
/s
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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
The project is going well.
We have made a lot of progress __.
Having patience __ has paid off.
/
/
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11-1 A vs. AN
She is wearing a bracelet.
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11-1 A vs. AN
(a) She lives in a cabin.
(b) He lives in an apartment.
(c) She lives in a large cabin.
(d) He lives in an old apartment.
a
an= “one”
a consonants
an vowels
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11-1 A vs. AN
(e) I had an uncle named Spiros.
(f) They have an ugly car.
(g) The inch is a unit of measure.
(h) He saw a unique building.
For words beginning with the letter u:
a consonant sound an vowel sound
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11-1 A vs. AN
(e) I had an uncle named Spiros.
(f) They have an ugly car.
(g) The inch is a unit of measure.
(h) He saw a unique building.
For words beginning with the letter u:
a consonant sound an vowel sound
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11-1 A vs. AN
(i) I will see you in an hour.
(j) This is a happy day.
For words beginning with the letter h:
a pronounced “h” an silent “h”
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11-1 LET’S PRACTICE
aan___ ear.An
___ large ear.A
___ enormous ear.An
___ useful ear.A
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11-1 LET’S PRACTICE
aan___ holiday.A
___ universal holiday.A
___ unique holiday.A
___ unhappy situation.An
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
Please tell me a story. You tell the best stories.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
TO MAKE A GENERALIZATION
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
(b) An orange is round.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
(b) An orange is round.
(c) A tornado can be dangerous.
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a/an + singular count noun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
generalization -any, all, in general
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
(b) An orange is round.
(c) A tornado can be dangerous.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
(f) Ø Tornadoes can be dangerous.
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework. (The speaker is talking about computers in general.)
(e) Ø Oranges are round.
plural count noun
Generalizations:no article
(Ø)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT GENERIC NOUNT : Ø
(g) Ø Exercise increases energy.
(h) Ø Fruit contains vitamins.(i) Children need Ø attention.
noncount noun
Generalizations:
no article (Ø)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
TO TALK ABOUT NON-SPECIFIC PERSON(S) OR THINGS(S)
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a + singular count noun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/An
(j) We have a computer at home.(k) I brought an orange for dessert.(l) There was a tornado in Kansas last week.
one thing(not specific)
95
a + singular count noun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/An
(j) We have a computer at home.(k) I brought an orange for dessert.(l) There was a tornado in Kansas last week.
one thing(not specific)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
some + plural count noun
things(not specific)
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Some
(m) We have some computers at school.(n) I brought some oranges for dessert.(o) There were some tornadoes last week.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT NOUNS: Some
(p) I need some exercise.(q) The children would like some fruit.(r) I think the cat needs some attention.
some (Ø) +noncount
noun
Something, not specific
98
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
THE SPEAKER AND THE LISTENER ARE THINKING ABOUT THE SAME
SPECIFIC PERSON(S) OR THING(S)
99
The, This or that + nounPossessive pronoun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: THE
(s) Do you like the computer you bought? I like that computer. (t)I enjoyed the orange you gave me. I enjoyed this orange.(u) The tornado that hit yesterday was awful.(v) The moon is full.(w) The window is open.(x) Are you in the garage?
specific person(s) or thing(s)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: THE
(y) The computers were expensive. (z) I enjoyed the oranges you gave me.(aa) The tornadoes that hit Mexico were awful.(bb) The moons of Saturn are beautiful.
the + noun
specific person(s) or thing(s)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: THE
(y) The computers were expensive. (z) I enjoyed the oranges you gave me.(aa) The tornadoes that hit Mexico were awful.(bb) The moons of Saturn are beautiful.
the + noun
specific person(s) or thing(s)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE
(cc) The mail came early today.
(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.
(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.
(ff) The smog is bad this year.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
something specific
NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE
(cc) The mail came early today.
(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.
(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.
(ff) The smog is bad this year.
the + noncount
noun
104
11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you have ____ recipe for Mom’s lasagna?
aanthe
the
105
11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
No, but I have ___ recipe from a magazine.
aanthe
a
106
11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Too bad. Mommakes ___ bestlasagna.
aanthe
the
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11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
I do have ___ extra special spaghetti recipe that you might like.
aanthe
an
108
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
The Himalayas are in Asia.
109
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone. She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons.
110
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone. She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons. Ø Prime Minister Thompson was re-elected.
The titled names.
111
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia.
112
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia. Ø Australia is a large island.
113
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia. Ø Australia is a large island. Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.
114
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught Ø English in Asia. Ø Australia is a large island. Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.
The names of continents.
115
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(c) Madrid is the capital of Ø Spain. Ø Chile has some beautiful mountains. Ø Madagascar is a small country.
The names of most countries.
(d) The Dominican Republic is a small country. There are windmills in the Netherlands. The United States has 50 states.
The a few countries.
116
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(e) I love Ø Paris in the spring time. Ø New York has wonderful museums. We visited Ø Johannesburg last winter.
The names of cities.
117
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(f) The Mississippi River is very wide. The most important river that feeds the Black Sea is the Danube.
The rivers, oceans & seas.
(g) Ø Lake Vostok is the largest lake in the world. A large lake in Canada is Ø Lake Huron.
The names of lakes.
118
11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(h) We saw the Virunga Mountains in Africa. The Andes Mountains are in South America.
The names of mountain ranges.
(i) Ø Elbrus Mountain is in Russia. A beautiful mountain in Alaska is Mount Denali.
The individual mountains.
119
11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
___ Mediterranean Sea is located to the north of ___ Africa.
Ø
the
TheØ
120
11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
___ Professor Keely teaches in ___ Czech Republic. She loves working in ___ Prague.
Ø
the
Ø
Ø the
121
11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
It is illegal to climb ___ Himalayasin ___ Bhutan. Ø
theØ
the
122
11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
___ Mediterranean Sea is located to the north of ___ Africa.
Ø
the
TheØ
123
11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
___ Professor Keely teaches in ___ Czech Republic. She loves working in ___ Prague.
Ø
the
Ø
Ø the
124
11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
Yes. Let’s buy a table
and four chairs.
Should we buy some
furniture?
125
11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
COUNT NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
a table Ø tablesone table five tables some tables
can be countedcan be preceded by a/anhas a plural form (-s or -es)
126
11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
NONCOUNT NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
Ø furniture Ø
some furniture Ø
one furniture
a furniture
furnitures
cannot be countedis not preceded by a/andoes not have a plural form
127
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(f) These beams are made of iron.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(g) He bought a new iron.
128
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(h) That bulb produces a lot of light.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(i) Please turn on the light.
129
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(j) May I borrow some paper ?
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(k) I wrote a long paper for my PhD.
(l) He reads the paper every morning.
130
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(m) This homework is taking so much time.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(n) She’s been sick many times.
131
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(q) Brazil produces a lot of coffee.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(r) I’d like a coffee with cream.
132
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(s) I eat a lot of chicken and fish.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(t) I bought one chicken and one fish.
133
11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(u) I have experience writing software.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(v) There are many experiences to enjoy when traveling.
134
11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
asome
Travis has ____ chicken as a pet.a
135
11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
a/
I like to get my hair __ cut once a month./
136
11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
timetimes
I tried to call my friend six ______.times
137
11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
She has a bowl of cereal, a
glass of milk, and a piece of
fruit for breakfast.
138
11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
asome
Travis has ____ chicken as a pet.a
139
11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
140
11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
141
11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.
142
11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.
(d) He had two pieces of toast with berries.
143
11-7 LET’S PRACTICE
bagbottleboxI need a _____ of vinegar.bottle
144
11-7 LET’S PRACTICE
I have a _________ of spaghetti.containerbag
bottlecontainer
145
11-7 LET’S PRACTICE
I’d like to eat a _____ of tortilla chips.bag
bagbottle
container
146
11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE
We have new furniture. We have a table and many
chairs.
147
7-9 EXPRESSIOM OF QUANTITY OF COUNT NOUNS
one persontwo persons a couple of persons
another – “one more of a group”
another = an + otherOne , two, both each ,+ singular a couple of every count noun a few , several + plural nouns many , a number of
148
EXPRESSIOM OF QUANTITY OF NONCOUNT NOUNS
I have eaten a little ( a small amount) rice.I have eaten too much ( a large a mount) rice.I have eaten a great deal of rice (more the above a mounts mentioned ) rice.
Much versus many
a little much + noncount nounsa great deal of
149
EXPRESSIOM OF QUANTITY OF COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
noSome( affirmative )/any ( negative and questions)a lot of/ lots of + count or nun count nounsmostall
I have eaten no rice.I have eaten some rice.There is still some juice in the glass.There is still some glasses of wine there.She still has an awful lot to( a very large amount) learn.He invited hundreds of people but a lot are not present.He invited hundreds of people but a lot of them are not present.
150
another – “one more of a group”
another = an + other
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS. THE OTHER
ANOTHER
(a) I already ate one cookie, but I want another one.
151
the other – “last one in a
specific group”
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS. THE OTHER
THE OTHER
(b) I’ll eat one cookie. I’ll give you the other one.
152
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS. THE OTHER
(c) He ate one cookie. another cookie.another one.another.
Then he ate
153
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS. THE OTHER
(c) He ate one cookie. another cookie.another one.another.
Then he ate
(d) He ate one cookie. the other cookie.the other one.the other.
Then he ate
Simone, the animation for part (c) works, but we need to get rid of the animation and cookies for part (d)
Simone, the animation for part (c) works, but we need to get rid of the animation and cookies for part (d)
154
another, the other can beadjectives noun
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS. THE OTHER
THE OTHER
(c) He ate one cookie. another cookie.another one.another.
Then he ate
(d) He ate one cookie. the other cookie.the other one.the other.
Then he ate
or alone as pronouns
155
6-12 LET’S PRACTICE
1. their2. there3. they’re
This team is working on a report. _____ boss
wants it by tomorrow. ______ working as fast
as possible. They can finish on time if _____
aren’t any new problems.
156
6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS. THE OTHER(S)
There are other paintings in Mary’s studio.
157
6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS. THE OTHER(S)
There are many paintings in Mary’s studio. Mary isworking on one of them.
(a) There are other paintings on the wall.
(b) There are other ones on the chair.
(adjective) + (noun)
(adjective) + (ones)
several more out of a groupother + plural noun or ones
OTHER(S)
158
6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS. THE OTHER(S)
(c) There are others on the wall.(pronoun)
others = other paintings
OTHER(S)
159
6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS. THE OTHER(S)
There are five paintings on the floor. Ann is going to buy one of them.
(d) Lin is going to buy the other paintings.
(e) Lin is going to buy the other ones.
(adjective) + (noun)
last ones in a group
THE OTHER(S)
the other + (noun or ones)
(adjective) + (ones)
160
6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS. THE OTHER(S)
There are five paintings on the floor. Ann is going to buy one of them.
(f) Lin is going to buy the others.
THE OTHER(S)
(pronoun)
the others = other paintings
161
6-15 LET’S PRACTICE
One of these fruits is a lemon,
and _______ is a pear.the other
otherothers
the otherthe others
162
6-15 LET’S PRACTICE
One of these fruits is an orange;
________ are both apples.the others
otherothers
the otherthe others
163
I ate one kebab, but I’m still hungry.
I want to eat ________ one.
6-15 LET’S PRACTICE
another
anotherotherothers
the otherthe others
164
6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
Another cookie, please.
165
6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
SINGULARADJECTIVE
I think I’ll have another cookie.
SINGULAR PRONOUN
I’ll have another
too, please.
166
6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
PLURALADJECTIVE
The chocolate ones are good, but I like the other cookies better.
SINGULAR PRONOUN
Some of the cookies are chocolate; others
are vanilla creme.
167
6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
Ben will eat one cookie and leave the other cookie for Rachel.
SINGULARADJECTIVE
Ben will eat one and leave the other for Rachel.
SINGULARPRONOUN
168
Jill will eat one and leave the others for Ahmed.
6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
Jill will eat one cookie and leave the other cookies for Ahmed.
PLURALADJECTIVE
PLURALPRONOUN
other + -s only as a plural pronoun
169
6-16 LET’S PRACTICE
One of our friends wants to go to the movies.
_________ wants to go dancing.
_________ want to stay home and play video games.
Another
The others
other the otherothers the othersanother
170
6-16 LET’S PRACTICE
Two of the triplets are girls.
_________ is a boy.The other
other the otherothers the othersanother
171
6-16 LET’S PRACTICE
One thing to do for good
health is to eat healthy food.
_______ one is to have hobbies.
_______ things include exercising
and sleeping well. A very important
one is not to smoke.
Another
Other
other the otherothers the othersanother
172
One, each, and every are followed by singular count noun . One dog was between two lion. Each lion was behind the dog.One of and each of are followed by specific plural count nouns. One of the lion was was male. Each one of the lions was behind the dog. Every one of the lions was behind the dog..
Singular expression of quantity : one ,each ,every
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