Nonviolent Methods
Post on 05-Jan-2016
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Nonviolent MethodsGene Sharp, Ch. 3
Nonviolence: 198 Methods
• The power of rulers depends directly upon the obedience and cooperation of the population
• Nonviolence is an active method
• that restricts and severs a leader’s power
• and mobilizes one’s own power potential into effective power
Methods
• Protest
• Noncooperation
• Intervention
• Acts of Omission
• Acts of Commission
• Combination of Methods
Protest and Persuasion
• Symbolic actions
• To educate, show support or disapproval of an action, policy, group, or government
• Degree of risk/value is context specific
Noncooperation• People refuse to cooperate with
the existing power holders
• Degree of disruption depends upon
• Importance of activity
• Identity and Number of participants
• Duration of campaign
• Moderate to High Risk/Value
Subtypes of Noncooperation
• Social Noncooperation• Boycott social event, Withdrawal from social institutions, Student
strike
• Economic Noncooperation• Economic Boycotts/Labor Strikes (multiple types of each)
• Political Noncooperation• Boycott of elections, civil disobedience
Nonviolent Intervention• Active disruption of normal
operations, policies, or system by deliberate interference
• Psychological
• Physical
• Social
• Economic
• Political
• High Risk/Value
Psychological Intervention
• Fasting
• Self-exposure to the elements
• Reverse Trial
• Nonviolent Harassment
Physical Intervention• Sit-in
• Stand-in
• Prayer
• Nonviolent raids
• Nonviolent interjection (human shield)
• Nonviolent occupation
Protesters close downBangkok Airport
Social Intervention
• Overloading of facilities
• Speak-in
• New social patterns
• Alternative social and communication systems
Economic Intervention• Stay-in Strike
• Nonviolent Land Seizure
• Defiance of Blockades
• Alternate markets
• Alternate transportation
Political Intervention
• Overloading administrative systems
• Disclosing identity of secret agents
• Seeking imprisonment
• Civil disobedience of “neutral” law
• Parallel Government
Failure
• Misunderstanding of power dynamics/ conflict
• Misunderstanding of nonviolence
• Lack of strategic plan
• Lack of unity and focus
• Poor leadership
• Loss of momentum
Requirements for Success
• Advance Strategic Preparation
• Factors to consider:• Accurate understanding of power
dynamics and situation
• Organization and Development
• Strategic Engagement
• Flexibility, Creativity, and Continuity
Requirements for Success
• Articulation of a Grand Strategy (ultimate goal)
• Identification of prerequisite goals (stair-steps)
• Develop strategic campaigns using tactics that will optimize success
• Strike at opponents vulnerabilities
• Utilize resister’s strengths
• Can be used in combination with other methods for enhanced efficacy
http://optimumperformancetechnologies.blogspot.com/2007_09_09_archive.html
Success
• Partial-Success is very common
• Short-lived Victories occur when resisters fail to:
• Consolidate their gains
• Resist new threats
• Follow-through
Mechanisms for Achieving Success
• Conversion
• Win-Win situation
• Opponent has a change of heart
• Opponent chooses to accept the claims and conditions of the resistance movement
• Most rarely achieved
Mechanisms for Achieving Success
• Accommodation
• Compromise
• Usually focused on specific issues each side can agree to without “losing face”
• Common
Mechanisms for Achieving Success
• Nonviolent Coercion• Change occurs against
the opponent’s will because their needed sources of power has been seriously weakened or severed
• The opponent is no longer an effective, functioning leader
• Common
Mechanisms for Achieving Success
• Disintegration
• Noncooperation and Defiance are so overwhelming and strong, the opponent’s regime falls apart
• There isn’t even anyone left with sufficient power to surrender
• Less Common
Historical Awareness• Learn from past
mistakes
• Learn from past successes
• Build upon previously developed methods and tactics (don’t need to reinvent the wheel)!
http://thefitnesstutor.com/
What is “Success”?• How does one measure victory?
• Achievement of Goals
• Resolution of Initiating Conflict (both or conquering parties?)
• Total Casualties (Military/Civilian, Deaths/Injuries-- physical/psychological)
• Time
• Long-Term Effects
• Public Perception
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