Nfhk2011 wed parallel1 lotta_omma

Young Sami in Sweden – Health and living condition

Lotta Omma leg psykolog/leg psykoterapeut

Lotta Omma, leg psykolog

Sápmi (Samiland))

One people in four countries-the Kola Peninsula in Russia

- northernmost Finland

- the coastal and inland region of northern Norway

-parts of Sweden from middle to the north.

Indigenous peoples The global population of indigenous peoples is estimated at 400 million in 70 countries.Most indigenous peoples are to be found in Asia.

Most indigenous peoples are to be found in Asia.

How many are The Sámi people?

There are around 70,000 -100,000 Sámi.

• 25,000 in Sweden.

• 40,000 in Norway.

• 6,000 in Finland.

• 2,000 in Russia.

These numbers are only estimations . In Sweden there are probably 45,000 to 50,000

The Swedish state did not officially recognize the Sámi as an indigenous people until 1977

Before the Sámi were incorporated into the national states, they had organised their society into “siidas” (groups of families). These siiddas had set boundaries, and hunting and fishing

had set boundaries, and hunting and fishing rights were divided up within each siidda.

551 Samebyar (sami village)

• There are more than 4,500 reindeer-owners in Sweden.

• There are around 230,000 reindeers in Sweden.

• The reindeer herding area covers around 40% of Sweden's land surface.

Purpose

• The aim of this study is to investigate how it is to be a young Sami in Sweden with special reference to mental health and the

special reference to mental health and the relations to experience of being bad treated because of ethnicity and socio-demographic background factors.

• Compare within the group and between the Sami youth and other groups .

Method

A qualitative part:

Dialogues and discussions with young Sámi people

A quantitative part:

- A questionnaire was sent out to 880 people in the age of 18 to 28, response rate 517 (59%)

-121 schoolchildren aged 13-18 year answered a questionnaire in school

The Qustionaire consist of several domains

- Socio-demographic factors

- Experience of discrimination because of ethnicity

- Enculturation factors

- Sense of coherence and self-perception

- Health

- AUDIT, (The Alcohol Use Disorders

Identification Test) screening for ”at risk

drinking”

- Suicide behavior

18-28 year

What are you doing for your daily living?

• 62 % are working, 33 % are studying

• 1,9 % unemployed or sick

• 2,3 % are occupied in program for unemployed

Connection with traditional ways of living “ factors of enculturation”

• 10 % were reindeer herders

• 71 % in the older group have near contact with some “Sameby” and the traditional way of living with reindeer herding, fishing, hunting or

with reindeer herding, fishing, hunting or handicraft making

• 78 % in the younger group had near contact with some “Sameby”

Enculturation factors

26 % understand and speak Sami (18-28 year)

81 % understand Sami (13-18 year)

68 % talk Sami (13-18 year)

Have you been unfair treated by your teachers because you are a Sami?

• 15 % in the older group (18-28 year) answered “yes”

• 25 % in the younger group (13-18year) answered

“yes”

• 38 % of the reindeer herders answered “yes”

Have you heard teachers talking about the Sami people in a bad way?

• 25 % answer ”Yes” in the older group and 16 % in the

younger group

• 42 % of the reindeer herders answer “yes”

• Have other people treated you bad because you are

a Sami?

• 45 % answer ”Yes” in both groups

• 70 % of the reindeer herders answered “yes”

If you or your parents asked for ”home language ” education in Sami, have you get it ?

• 36 % answered no (18-28)

• In Sweden there is a law that give the Sami people right to get education in their native language.

To explain or defend the sami culture

• Have you been asked to explain about the Sámi culture?44 % often

46 % sometimes

• Have you been forced to defend the Sámi culture or the Sámi way of living?32 % often50 % sometimes

Health

All statements have four respons alternatives

NEARLY ALWAYS

SELDOM

VERY SELDOM / NOT AT ALL

I feel healthy

97,8 % of the Males and 93,6 % of Females

• answered often/nearly always

Hälsa

I sleep well

• 95,5 % of the Males and 87,2 % of the Females

answered nearly always/ often

Hälsa

I am in a good mood

nearly always/ often

Hälsa

I feel calm and relaxed

• 87,3 % of Males and 75,9 % of the Females

• nearly always/ often

Hälsa

I look forward with joy

• 94,1% of the Males and 92,5% of the Females

nearly always/ often

I feel sad and depressed

• 10,0 % of the Males and 24,2 % of the Femalesanswered nearly always/ often

Hälsa

I worry about thingsnearly always or often

• Male 29,4 % Female 53,4 %

I have a headache

• 4,6 % of the Males and 13,2 % of the Females answered rather often/very often

I feel irritatednearly always or oftenMale 14,1 % Female 18,3 %

Hälsa

I have enough time for doing things I need to do

nearly always/ rather often

Sense of Coherence

I believe I can have influence in life.

Not at all Very much

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mean = 8,5

Identity / selfperception

• I am satisfied with my life situationVery often/ often; Male 91,6 % Female 83,1 %

• I have somebody to talk to about important issues Very often/ often; Male 88,0 % Female 93,4 %

Very often/ often; Male 88,0 % Female 93,4 %

• I have a good relation to my family• Very often/ often ; Male 98,2 % Female 94,5 %

• I feel safeVery often/ often; Male 95,8 % Female 90,8 %

• The reindeer herders don´t feel safe in the same degree as others

• They don´t feel participatory in important decisions regarding their situation in the same decisions regarding their situation in the same degree

• They don´t have somebody to talk to about important subjects in the same degree

• I think about the meaning of my life very often or rather often

Male 50,3 %, Female 63,7 %

As more explicit Sámi ethnicity as more perceived discrimination

• If you talk the native language

• If you are a reindeer herder

• If you had near contact with any Sameby

Diretive from The Swedish Social Department. Folkhälsa- Lägesrapport 2006• High consumption of alcohol:

• Men 3,5 bottles of wine or 10 tins strong beer/ week

• Women 2,5 bottles wine or 7 tins strong beer/ week

• Middle consumption:

• Men 2-3,5 bottles wine/ week

• Women 1-2,5 bottles wine/week

• Intense consumption; to drink more than 18 cl liquer, 1 bottles of wine or 4 tins strong beer at the same time.

HRQL (Health Related Quality of life)Kidscreen-52

Psysical Wellbeing

Psychological Wellbeing

Moods & Emotions

Social SupportSocial Support

Parents Relations and Homelife

Selfperception

Free Time

School Environment

Bullying

Financial Resourses

aAssociation between Health Related Quality of Life and bad treatment in Sami school children (13-18 years)

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

Risk consumption of alcohol has increased in Sweden

• Risk consummation depends on

-How often you drink alcohol- How many glasses you are drinking

- How many glasses you are drinking- How often you are drinking 6 glasses or more at the same time- How often you are drinking to get drunk

Your Alcohol Habits

How often are you drinking alcohol ?

11 % never

38 % once a month or more seldom

44 % 2-4 times/month

7 % 2-3 times/week

1 % 4 times/week or more

Not so many risk-drinkers

Have you had thoughts about committing suicide, even if you could not do it? H

• 12 % of the men often or sometimes have thoughts

23 % of the women often or sometimes have thoughts.

• To compare with

13 % of the men and 20 % of the women (16-29 year) in a

Swedish study have sometimes in life had thoughts about

killing themselves. (Folkhälsoinstitutets nationella

undersökning 2007)

Suicide behaviour

Have you ever tried to commit suicide?

• 3 % men and 7 % women answer Yes.

• In a national study by The Swedish Institute of Public

Health.(2007)

4 % of the men and 6 % of the women answer Yes

Din syn på självmord

There is a risk to rise thoughts of suicide in a person if you ask if he/she have thoughts about suicide..

• 1% agreed completely

• 4% viewed on the whole

• 33% not sure it depends

• 26% agreed not completely

• 35 % agreed not at all

Open questions

• What are for you most important in the sami culture?

• In the older group two third of the youth

• In the older group two third of the youth answered the Sami language and to save it/ the reindeers and the ability to go on with reindeer herding.

Your future?

I want to change my life …………………

What worries you most about the future?

What do you think you are you doing in five year?

• The Swedish state has not yet ratified ILO Convention 169 regarding the rights of indigenous peoples. The Government says it wants to clarify all the consequences before

wants to clarify all the consequences before taking a decision. As a result, the Sami are still waiting.

Nfhk2011 wed parallel1 lotta_omma

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