Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd Photovoltaic Technology. How PV help in energy crisis.

Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd

Photovoltaic Technology.

How PV help in energy crisis

ENERGY USE Worldwide Energy Consumption 1980-2030

Where does our energy come from?Share of total Primary Energy Supply in 2010

10,376 Mtoe IEA Energy Statistics

35.6%

41.6%

Increasing percentage of Total World Energy used for Electricity Generation

Quadrillion BTU

Electricity is

becoming more

important

Focus on

ElectricityWorld Electricity Generation by

Fuel

Focus on ElectricitySources of Electricity

in Pakistan

Sector wise distribution of Electricity

Focus on Electricity

Electricity Deficiency chart

Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan

Core Issues of Electricity in Pakistan

•45% Population without Electricity

•Demand and Supply Gap

•Expensive Sources of Electricity

Expensive Installation

Expensive Distribution

Ultimate Solution

Standalone Solar Home System

PV Power Plants

• Generate enough electricity to provide 15000 Homes

• Revenue stream commences from 7th month of start of project

•Commercially Feasible at tariff of 18cent/KWh or 15 cent/KWh at an increment of 2% per annum for 20 years

• Required Loan at soft interest rate of 2%

• Land Cost should be very nominal

•Capital investment required:- 35 M US $ for 10 MW capacity

Net Metering

• Incentive for consumer investment in PV generation system

•Low Cost easy administered

• Required arrangement with local electricity provider instead of state

• Feed in tariff required to announce.

•Net metering is connection of small renewable energy generating system to Grid

19

Thermal 64.4%

Hydro 33%

Nuclear 2.3%

Coal 0.3%

Current 2010

Revised Plan 2030

Primary Energy Mix

The FutureIs Bright

Example of cost recovery on an installation amortised over 25 years.

Assumes an increase in fossil fuel costs of 5% pa.

PV generatedper kwh

Fossil generated

per kwh

Solar Energy

How much is available?The sun’s rays provide enough energy to supply 10,000 timesthe TOTAL energy requirementof mankind.

So, how do we harness it?• Solar

Thermal• Photovoltaic

The ULTIMATE source.

Photovoltaic Possible materials to make PV cells

• CiGs Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide

• Polymers

• CdTe Cadmium Telluride

• Silicon Amorphous Thin Film

Mono crystalline Multi crystalline

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Other Am. Silicon Ribbon/SheetCrystalline

Mono Crystalline Multi Crystalline

Solar power market share by technology

The Chain

Metallurgical

Grade Silicon

Electronic Grade Chunks

Ingot

Bars

Wafers

Modules

“Sand”

Strings

Cells

Market SizeBy 2010, there is realistic

potential for $30bn in solar power system sales

Production Cost Improvements

Thinner wafers mean greater efficiency in price

AND performance

Cost Breakdown Produced in Low labour cost

area

10.5%

2.6%8.9%

78%

(Labour cost $2/hour)

Cost BreakdownProduced in High labour cost

area

9%

12%

10%

71%

(Labour cost $10/hour)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Price TrendEstimate of global average solar module

prices

US$/watt

Future Developments

• Improved crystallisation processes for high quality, low-cost silicon wafers

• Advanced silicon solar cell device structures and manufacturing processes

• Technology transfer of high efficiency solar cell processes from the laboratory to high volume production

• Reduction of the silicon wafer thickness to reduce the consumption of silicon

• Stable, high efficiency thin-film cells to reduce semiconductor materials costs

• Novel organic and polymer solar cells with potentially low manufacturing cost

• Solar concentrator systems using lenses or mirrors to focus the sunlight onto small-area, high-efficiency solar cells

•R&D is focused on increasing conversion efficiency and reducing cell manufacturing cost, to reduce electricity generation cost.

Naveed IqbalAkhter Solar Ltd

Thank you