Natural gas development and hydraulic fracturing
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Natural Gas Development and Hydraulic Fracturing
Sheri Somerville
Natural Gas Advisor, CAPP
Superport Days 2013
Guysborough, NS
July 4, 2013
● Represents large and small producer member companies
● Members explore for, develop and produce natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and oil sands throughout Canada
● Produce about 90 per cent of Canada’s natural gas and crude oil
● Part of a national industry with revenues of about $100 billion per year
● Associate members provide a wide range of services that support the upstream crude oil and natural gas industry
Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers
Advancing the 3Es the 3Es
● Generating Economic Benefits
Jobs and revenues across North America
● Providing Energy Security
Safe, secure and reliable energy
Large energy resource potential
● Providing Environmental Stewardship
Strong regulations
Technology advances
Global Primary Energy Demand IEA New Policies Scenario
● Significant energy demand growth:
Population, standards of living
● Need all forms of energy:
Increasing role for renewables
Continuing reliance on hydrocarbons
Increasing role for non- conventional crude oil & natural gas
● Environmental challenges
● Technology is a key lever for
sustainable growth
Source: International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2012
How will demand be met?
Technological advances have unlocked vast unconventional gas resources. Resource assessments are ongoing (GSC, NEB and others) in many new areas, and new opportunities continue to emerge (Eastern Canadian shale gas, etc.)
*Estimated Recoverable Marketable Gas
North American Shale Gas Plays
Source: DNR NB
NB Proven and Potential Resources
NS Resource Agreements
Geology of Natural Gas Resources
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Stages of Exploration and Production for Unconventional Resources
Nova Scotia Duvernay Horn River Marcellus New Brunswick
Geophysical Exploration (Seismic):
Vibroseis truck Seismic charge
Drilling Operations
● Shale gas formations are deep in NB (1,500m to >2,000m)
● Water aquifers are typically 100-250m deep
● Shale zone accessed through vertical, then directional or horizontal drilling
● 3 layers of steel casing and cement:
Surface casing Intermediate casing Production casing
Drilling & Well Construction
Wellbores: • Constructed to recover gas while
protecting surrounding environment, particularly underground drinking water.
• Narrow pipe sunk deep into
ground, surrounded by cement in the bore hole to ensure both pipe and underground area it travels through are completely separated.
At production site (reservoir), the production pipe is perforated to allow the natural gas to flow into the pipe and rise to the surface.
How does hydraulic fracturing stimulation work?
● Approximately 4,000 cubic metres (4 million litres) of water used to fracture each stage of a well
Water amounts may vary depending on type and location of reservoir.
Total water used at the 4 major shale plays in the USA is less than 1% of total water usage in each state
● Fracture stimulation fluid consists of 98.5% water/sand and 1.5% chemical additives
● All chemical additives are disclosed by industry to regulators before hydraulic fracturing occurs
Fracture Fluid
1.5 % Additives Gelling Agents Cross Linkers Clay Control
Breakers Surfactants
Biocides Energizers
www.fracfocus.ca
98.5% Water & Sand
The water, sand, and additives used to convey pressure from the surface to the reservoir to create fractures to be created
Fracture Fluids
TYPE Source Purpose Common Use
Gelling Agent Guar Gum Polyacrylamide
Increase viscosity, helps support and carry proppant better than straight water
Food grade product (ice cream, condiments, canned soup, etc.) Found in disposable diapers
Clay Control Potassium Chloride Prevents clay from swelling
Potash, fertilizer, and table salt substitute
Surfactants Naphthalene Lowers surface tension and helps used fracture fluid return to the surface
Found in moth balls Windex
Biocide Glutaraldehyde (can also be derived from plants or bacteria)
Eliminates bacteria from water that can produce corrosive by products
Disinfectants, sterilizer for medical and dental equipment
Energizers CO2 Nitrogen
Improves stimulation or recovery of fluids
Odorless, non toxic.
Multi-Well Pads
Vertical Well Pad Horizontal Well Pad
Advantages of Multi-Well Pads: • Reduction of land use for the pad, access roads & pipelines. • Easier monitoring of site and enforcement of regulations. • Conducive to establishing and enforce traffic/trucking corridors. • Optimization of location. • Establish and enforce noise, light, air emission and water plans.
Source: ERCB 2011
● Jobs (Upstream from Western Canada Natural Gas)
Natural Gas industry employment:
317,000 – jobs (direct, indirect and induced) across Canada by 2035
9,693,000 – person years of employment between now and 2035
$339 billion – natural gas employees will earn over next 25 years
● Revenue, Royalties, Taxes (To all Canada from Western Can. NG)
Natural Gas industry will:
contribute $1.5 trillion to Canadian GDP over next 25 years
generate $199 billion in royalties
generate $170 billion in federal taxes
generate $130 billion in provincial taxes
What does this mean for Canada?
Each Well:
● Requires 420 individuals working in 150 different occupations to complete and produce gas from one well (directly involved with developing well and placing into production)
● Creates approximately 13 Direct FTE’s per year
● Creates 32 – 58 FTEs per well, if you include direct, indirect and induced jobs (varies by jurisdiction)
Source: Southwest Pennsylvania Marcellus Shale Workforce Needs Assessment Marcellus Shale Education and Training Center / June 2010
Natural Gas Workforce Information
● Construction, manufacturing and transportation
● Drilling, completion and production
● Geological and geophysical
● Pipeline and associated infrastructure
● Environmental & other consulting services
● Legal & land
● Natural gas distribution
● Service industries, logistics & distribution
● Retail, food, health, education & financial services
Supply Chain Opportunities
● Work boots, uniforms & uniform
cleaning
● Well pad cleaning
● Alternate housing – RVs, mini-homes
● Fencing, landscaping & irrigation
● Concrete
● Security, EMTs, engineers, lawyers,
accountants, surveyors, etc.
● Home sales, hotels, restaurants,
entertainment, retail, auto sales (e.g.,
pickup trucks)
● Catering
McCully Field, Sussex
Guiding Principles for Hydraulic Fracturing
1
2
3
4
5
Safeguard the quality and quantity of regional
surface and groundwater resources, through sound
wellbore construction practices, sourcing fresh water
alternatives where appropriate, and recycling water
for reuse as much as practical.
Measure and disclose our water use with the goal of
continuing to reduce our effect on the environment.
Support the development of fracturing fluid additives
with the least environmental risks.
Support the disclosure of fracturing fluid additives.
Continue to advance, collaborate on and
communicate technologies and best practices that
reduce the potential environmental risks of hydraulic
fracturing.
We will:
Who Regulates Oil & Natural Gas Sector
● Federal & Provincial Departments
Environment (Environment & Local Government)
Energy (Energy & Mines)
Natural Resources
Transportation
Fisheries and Oceans (Agriculture, Aquaculture & Fisheries)
Finance
Public Safety
Others may be involved: Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development
● Federal & Provincial regulatory entities:
National Energy Board (NEB)
Energy and Utilities Board (EUB)
● Federal Programs:
Chemicals management program
New Substances program
The New Rules in NB
Seismic testing procedures (e.g., minimum setbacks 180 m)
Well bore construction, casing, containment, testing, etc. (e.g. double well casings)
Managing wastes and potential contaminants (e.g., closed loop systems for drill fluids)
Monitoring to protect water quality (e.g. water well testing, surface water monitoring)
Sustainable use of water (e.g., water management plan and reporting)
Air Emissions and GHGs (e.g., monitoring, emissions reduction plans)
Public safety and Emergency Planning (e.g., CSA compliant-Emergency Management program)
Communities and the environment (e.g., traffic plans, noise, water supplies)
Reducing financial risks and protecting landowner rights (e.g., financial security for damage)
Sharing information (e.g., disclosure of fracture fluids)
Responsible Environmental Management of Oil and Natural Gas Activities
© Deloitte LLP and affiliated entities.
Regulatory Review: Areas of Difference
Pre -
Drilling
• Well pad design to be submitted and approved by the regulator
• Emergency plans/response
• Traffic restrictions
• Visual restrictions
• Liability Insurance
• Notification and consultation
Drilling
• Pre-fracturing assessment for potential inter-wellbore communication (Alberta’s draft rules would also require this)
• Special requirements for emergency containment of fracture fluid in the case of a spill
• Special requirements for security of chemicals
• Testing of drinking water well quality
• Monitoring of surface water quality
• Water use plan to be submitted and approved by the regulator;
• Assessment of potential for induced seismic events prior to fracturing.
• Setbacks Requirements
• Misfire Protocol
• Surface Gas Vent Flow/Gas Mitigation Testing
• Fracturing Treatment Plan
• Well Completion Report
• Fracturing Monitoring Requirements (stop parameters)
• Post Fracturing Reporting
• Closed Loop fluid system - 250k-350k additional cost
• Waste management plan
• Spill reporting and response plan
• Air emissions
Production • Site restoration and remediation
Areas which are unique to New Brunswick Areas which are more stringent than other jurisdictions
Source: Future NB, Shale Gas Supply Chain Opportunity in New Brunswick May 28, 2013
Responsible Energy Development
● Nova Scotians & Canadians want to know that shale gas can and will be developed safely
● Strong regulation that has worked successfully in Canada can provide framework for emerging provinces
● Companies are committed to:
• Responsible energy development and abide by codes of conduct that further supports strong regulation
• Accountability and transparency
• Strong regulatory frameworks, enforcement policies
• Scientific research and continuous improvement
● Natural gas is a significant opportunity with positive effects on economy and energy supply.
Support the Responsible Exploration and Development of Natural Gas in NB
For More information
CAPP.ca
Follow CAPP on Twitter:
@OilGasCanada
Like CAPP on Facebook:
facebook.com/OilGasCanada
CSUR.com
Morefactslessfriction.ca
Canadiannaturalgas.ca
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?
Sheri Somerville
Natural Gas Advisor, NB
Sheri.somerville@capp.ca
www.capp.ca
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