National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills.

National National Emission Emission

Standards for Standards for Hazardous Air Hazardous Air

Pollutants: Pollutants: MunicipalMunicipal

Solid Waste Solid Waste LandfillsLandfills

On January 16, 2003 USEPA promulgated standards fornational emission hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills.

MSW Landfills NESHAPMSW Landfills NESHAP

40 CFR Part 63, Subpart 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart AAAAAAAA

Promulgated January 16, Promulgated January 16, 20032003

Federal Register Vol. 68, p. Federal Register Vol. 68, p.

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The intent of the standards is to The intent of the standards is to protect the public health by protect the public health by

requiring new and existing sources requiring new and existing sources to control emissions of HAP’s to the to control emissions of HAP’s to the

level reflecting the maximum level reflecting the maximum achievable control technology achievable control technology

(MACT)(MACT)

The final rule ensures reductions of The final rule ensures reductions of nearly 30 HAP’s emitted by MSW nearly 30 HAP’s emitted by MSW landfills including, but are not landfills including, but are not limited to, vinyl chloride, ethyl limited to, vinyl chloride, ethyl benzene, toluene, and benzene.benzene, toluene, and benzene.

Each of the HAP’s emitted fromEach of the HAP’s emitted fromMSW landfills can cause adverse MSW landfills can cause adverse health effects provided sufficient health effects provided sufficient exposure.exposure.

The final rule applies to all The final rule applies to all MSW landfills that are major MSW landfills that are major sources or are collocated with sources or are collocated with a major source, and to some a major source, and to some landfills that are area sources.landfills that are area sources.

The final rule is applicable to both The final rule is applicable to both major and area sources and major and area sources and contains the same requirements as contains the same requirements as the Emission Guidelines and New the Emission Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards Source Performance Standards (EG/NSPS).(EG/NSPS).

Purpose of NSPS/EG Purpose of NSPS/EG RegulationRegulation• Limit LFG migration • Limit LFG migration subsurface subsurface off site off site• Limit LFG migration into • Limit LFG migration into onsiteonsite structures structures• Limit LFG odors at or • Limit LFG odors at or beyond thebeyond the landfill boundary landfill boundary• Limit LFG emissions into the • Limit LFG emissions into the

atmosphere atmosphere

The rule applies to area source The rule applies to area source landfills if they have a design landfills if they have a design

capacity equal to or greater than capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m33, ,

and they have estimated and they have estimated uncontrolled emissions of uncontrolled emissions of

50 Mg/yr NMOC or more, or are 50 Mg/yr NMOC or more, or are operated as a bioreactor.operated as a bioreactor.

The final rule adds startup, The final rule adds startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) requirements, adds operating requirements, adds operating condition deviations for out of-condition deviations for out of-bounds monitoring parameters, bounds monitoring parameters, requires timely control of requires timely control of bioreactor landfills, and changes bioreactor landfills, and changes the reporting frequency for the reporting frequency for compliance monitoring report to compliance monitoring report to every 6 months. every 6 months.

The final ruleThe final rule requires requires operation of the control operation of the control

device(s) within the device(s) within the operating parameter operating parameter

boundaries as described in boundaries as described in 40 CFR 60.758(c)(1) and to 40 CFR 60.758(c)(1) and to

continuously monitor control continuously monitor control device operating device operating

parameters.parameters.

Compliance with the operating Compliance with the operating conditions is demonstrated conditions is demonstrated

when monitoring data show that when monitoring data show that the gas control devices are the gas control devices are

operated within the established operated within the established operating parameter range.operating parameter range. Compliance also occurs when Compliance also occurs when

the data quality is sufficient to the data quality is sufficient to constitute a valid hour of data in constitute a valid hour of data in

a a 3-hour block period.3-hour block period.

Flow Chart for Determining Control Requirements