National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
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DriftsondeDriftsondeExperiences during T-AMMAExperiences during T-AMMA
Stratospheric balloons to study African monsoonStratospheric balloons to study African monsoon and and
formation of cyclonesformation of cyclones
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Centre National d’Etudes SpatialesCentre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) (CNES) [French National Center for Space Studies][French National Center for Space Studies]
Driftsonde TeamDriftsonde TeamTerry Hock, Dave Parsons, Jack Fox, Hal Cole, Joe VanAndel, Terry Hock, Dave Parsons, Jack Fox, Hal Cole, Joe VanAndel,
Keith Romberg, Chip Owens, Dean Lauritsen, Charlie MartinKeith Romberg, Chip Owens, Dean Lauritsen, Charlie MartinNov. 13, 2006 OFAPNov. 13, 2006 OFAP
ATLANTIC OCEAN
~58,000 ft50 - 100 mb
Zero-pressureor
Super PressureBalloon
Gondola(20 to 50 sonde capacity)
SondesCommanded for Release
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
IRIDIUMLEO Satellite
Cost-effective dropsonde observations of wind, temperature, and humidity to fill critical gaps in coverage over oceanic and remote artic and continental regions over days to weeks.
Driftsonde Concept
• Support of the THORPEX International Science and Implementation Plans for demonstration tests of new technologies for the delivery of in-situ sensing • The tests were supported by CNES for the ballooning (French Space Agency)• Support within the US by NCAR and NOAA/THORPEX for the driftsonde gondola and new dropsondes• 8 Balloon flights• 24 to 40 Miniture Dropsondes per balloon flight• Launch Location Zinder, Niger• Flight Operations Center Paris and Boulder• Engineering team effort between CNES & NCAR• Flights 10+ days• CNES Developed Super Pressure Balloon and Flight Control System• NCAR Developed Driftsonde Gondola System, Miniture Dropsonde and Ground Sounding Software
AMMA Driftsonde Project Goals & Highlights
French/CNES Ballooning Group• Developing a 12 meter super- pressure Balloon specifically for Driftsonde.• Provided 10 balloons• CNES gondola for communications, tracking, safety and recovery system, transponder• Prepared launch facility logistics & provided staff at Zinder, Niger • Control & operations center in Paris • Coordinated with Air Traffic Control
NCAR/EOL Driftsonde Group• Provided 8 Driftsonde gondolas,
• Satellite Communications• Sounding system• GPS tracking info
• 270 MIST Sondes• Ground support crew in Zinder, Niger• NCAR staff at at the CNES control and operations center in Paris.• Secondary Operations Center in Boulder• System control of sonde releases• Sonde data post processing
CNES-NCAR Team Collaboration Engineering & Science Integration
Scientific Flight Operations Center &
Flight Control
Paris, FranceFlight Control
Boulder, USA
Balloon Launch Facility
Zinder, Niger
T-AMMA Launch and Flight Operations LocationsT-AMMA Launch and Flight Operations Locations
Zinder Flight Operations
Final TestingFinal Testing
PayloadPayload
Sonde LoadingSonde Loading
Balloon InflationBalloon Inflation
Driftsonde Flight TrainDriftsonde Flight Train
ParachuteParachute
RadarRadar ReflectorReflector
AircraftAircraft Transponder/StrobeTransponder/Strobe LightLight
Driftsonde Driftsonde Gondola (21kg)Gondola (21kg)
Temperature SensorsTemperature Sensors
CNES 12 meter CNES 12 meter Super Pressure Super Pressure BalloonBalloon
Pressure- TemperaturePressure- TemperatureSensors & Gas Relief valveSensors & Gas Relief valve
CNESCNES Payload Payload
Total payload Total payload weight 42 kg weight 42 kg
~ 20 metersmeters
~ 12 metersmeters
Flight #1 Driftsonde LaunchFlight #1 Driftsonde LaunchAugust 28August 28thth 2006 2006
MIST Design Criteria & MotivationMIST Design Criteria & Motivation- Low cost (current aircraft dropsondes cost >$700)- Low cost (current aircraft dropsondes cost >$700)- Small (credit card size)- Small (credit card size)- Lightweight (- Lightweight (Gondola to carry 80 sondesGondola to carry 80 sondes))- Pressure derived from GPS & hydrostatic- Pressure derived from GPS & hydrostatic equation (using known launch pressure) equation (using known launch pressure)- Operate at -70º C (20km altitude)- Operate at -70º C (20km altitude)
MIST Sonde SpecificationMIST Sonde Specification • Size: 4.62 cm diameter, length 22.86 cm• Weight: 145 grams• Fall rate ~10 m/s at surface, cone parachute• Sensors: Temperature, Humidity, Winds & Position
- 50 mil Thermsitor- Humicap w/temperature sensor for substrate-16 channel GPS receiver
• Sensor sample rate 0.5 secs• Remote control Power On & Sonde Release
Miniature In-situ Sounding Technology (MIST Sonde developed at NCAR)
GPS ReceiverGPS Receiver(16 channel)(16 channel)
TemperatureTemperature SensorSensor(50 mill bead thermistor)(50 mill bead thermistor)
Humidity SensorHumidity Sensor(humicap w/substrate(humicap w/substrate temperature)temperature)
TransmitterTransmitter(400 MHz)(400 MHz)
GPS AntennaGPS Antenna
2 Microprocessors2 Microprocessors
Lithium BatteriesLithium Batteries
Iridium Satellite Transceiver
NCAR System ElectronicsNCAR System Electronics
MiniatureMiniatureDropsondeDropsonde
Lower Part of GondolaLower Part of Gondola
Gondola Electronics- sonde receiver systemGondola Electronics- sonde receiver system
Upper Part of GondolaUpper Part of Gondola
AMMA Driftsonde FlightsFlight
#Launch
DateTerminated Flight Duration
(Days)Notes
1 Aug 28 Sep 3 6.3 24 sondes
2 Aug 29 Aug 30 0.8 30 Sondes
(Electronic Failure)
3 Sep 1 Sep 9 7.9 40 sondes
4 Sep 4 Sep 11 7.0 37 Sondes
5 Sep 6 Sep 11 5.0 32 Sondes
6 Sep 9 Sep 19 10.0 32 Sondes
7 Sep 12 Sep 13 0.8 30 sondes (Balloon Failure)
8 Sep 15 Oct 4 18.8 33 Sondes
6 successful missions from the 8 Driftsondes launched
Driftsonde AMMA Sounding LocationsDriftsonde AMMA Sounding Locations
Driftsonde Predicted Flight Trajectories
Sonde release
Driftsonde dataDriftsonde 3 in the vicinity of tropical cyclone Florence
Tropical cyclone Florence
Sondes released from driftsonde #3
Deepening Moist Layer
African PBL
Disturbed Environment Near Florence
African Easterly Jet
Increasing Low-level Winds
Disturbed Environment Near Florence
Driftsonde dataDriftsonde 4 in the vicinity of tropical cyclone Gordon
Sondes released from driftsonde #4
Tropical cyclone Gordon0
2000
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12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
-100 -50 0 50 100Temperature and Rh
Hei
ght
TemperatureRH
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
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