Narratives
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NarrativesNarrativesNarrativesNarrativesThe Short StoryThe Short Story
Part 1Part 1
Rhyme
Setting
Narratives• Narratives are stories that
entertain, inspire and inform readers.
• The main purpose is to entertain, and engage the reader in an imaginative experience.
Narratives• The focus is to have specific
sequential events and actions.
• Different types of narratives: Folktales, fairytales, fables, jokes, myths,
legends, science fiction, modern fantasy, short stories, picture story books and ballads.
Narrative StructureThere are three basic parts of the
Short Story.
1.Orientation (beginning)-The opening paragraphs of the story which set the scene and introduce the main ideas and the main character. In these paragraphs the characters often encounter a conflict/problem.
Narrative Structure
2.Complication (middle)- An event or events where things go wrong and they have to be resolved.
Example: In Harry Potter Lord Voldemort is always
trying to kill Harry Potter
Narrative Structure
3.Resolution (ending) - How the story finishes.
Example: In Twilight Edward protects Bella and
James is defeated.
When you begin to write your short story you need to ask the following questions…
Narrative Features
1. The Orientation:• Who? – identify the character/characters• What? – identify what the character is
doing (e.g. brushing their teeth)• Where? – identify the setting• When? – identify the time (e.g. night,
morning, yesterday, in the future)
Narrative Features
2. The Complication:• What happens? – identify a problem
or obstacle that occurs• How does this affect the
character? – identify how the problem or obstacle impacts the character (e.g. how does the character feel?)
Narrative Features
3.The Resolution:• How is the problem solved? – does the hero win? Is the mystery solved? Do the characters fall in love? Is the lost thing found?
Narrative Structure Handout
Features Example: Story:
Orientation
Who is it? What is he doing?Where?When?
Complication
Problem the character has to overcome
Resolution
The problem is solved
Humpty DumptyHumpty Dumpty
Sitting
On a wall
In the Morning
He has a great fall
The Kings horses and The Kings men couldn’t put Humpty together again.
Rhyme
RID (replace, insert, delete)
•Replace words, phrases and sentences with more effective ones
•Insert extra words, phrases sentences
•Delete ineffective words phrases, sentences.
Example:Humpty Dumpty
Write a New Story:Humpty Dumpty
Orientation
Complication
Resolution
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall
Humpty Dumpty had a big fall
All the Kings horses and all the Kings men couldn’t put Humpty together again.
Wearing his yellow gumboots, Humpty Dumpty decided to go and sit on the wall to watch the soccer game.For a laugh, one of his friends decided to push Humpty off the wall.
Humpty Dumpty fell down with a thud and broke his leg. He had to go to hospital.
NarrativesNarrativesNarrativesNarrativesNarrative Elements: Narrative Elements: The Short StoryThe Short Story
Part 2Part 2
Storytime
“The Trouble with Meg”
1. Identify the orientation2. Identify the complication3. Identify the resolution
Narratives Elements1. Characters- people in short stories.
Only one, or two main characters. Minor characters who are not developed in detail.
2. Setting- The place where and the time when, the story happens. One major setting.
3. Theme- The main idea of the story. E.g. Good Vs Evil.4. Plot- A summary of the events in the
short story.
1.Characters• Interesting stories have interesting
characters. These characters are so lifelike that you can imagine them in your head as you read.
• The way you describe your character is important.
• You need to make your characters FAT not SKINNY.
The Character
SKINNY CHARACTER
FAT CHARACTER
THINK ABOUT A FAT CHARACTER YOU WOULD LIKE TO WRITE ABOUT
The Character2.Handy Hints for describing
characters:• How old is your character?• What does he or she look like?• What does your character smell like?• Describe your characters mood.• Include colours and fabrics.• (Refer to your Paradigm Profile sheet)
The Character3.Your character must be
BELIEVABLE!• Whether the character is human,
animal or from another time and place, your character must have human qualities?
• The clothes your character wears and the way they act should match
The Character
DEMONSTRATE
The Character Imagine this character: “The children stepped into the office and got a
better look at the man who had mocked them. He was dressed in a rumpled brown suit that had something sticky on its jacket, and he was wearing a tie decorated with pictures of snails. His nose was very small and very red, as if somebody had stuck a cherry tomato in the middle of his splotchy face. He was almost completely bald, but he had four tufts of hair, which he had tied into little pigtails with some old rubber bands.”
Lemony Snicket. (1999). A Series of Unfortunate Events: The Austere Academy. p. 18
The Character
Character Activity• Now… Invent your own character
and write a detailed description.
WANTED
NAME:
AGE:
LAST KNOWN ADDRESS:
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION:
Eye colour:
Hair colour:
Clothes:
SPECIAL FEATURES:
OTHER INFORMATION:
The Character
Characters• Ask a partner to read your
description then draw a picture of your character.
The Character
Characters• Is the character what you
imagined? If not, what changes do you need to make to your original description to make it clearer to your readers?
NarrativesNarrativesNarrativesNarrativesNarrative Elements: Narrative Elements: The Short StoryThe Short Story
Part 3Part 3
The SettingStory Settings• Detailed description which makes the
reader feel as if he/she is in the place described. The most effective way to do this is by using the 5 senses. What can the character see, hear, smell, taste, touch?
• Don’t forget: Describe what the character is feeling?
The Setting
Definition:
Setting- The place where and the time when, the story happens. One major setting.
Setting
See Hear Smell Taste Touch
Beach A group of surfers riding huge waves
Children laughing while building sand castles
Coconut oil sunscreen on my skin
Sea salt in the air
Feel the hot sun warming my back
School
Restaurant
Shops
The Setting
Worksheet
The Setting The Drover’s Wife by Henry Lawson
The Setting
Activity:
I rubbed my eyes and looked around. This place was not what I expected...
The Plot
What is a plot?• A sequence of events that drives
the story to its conclusion.• The series of events in a story and
the way they are linked together.
The Plot
There are only seven types of plots:
1. Overcoming the Monster
2. Rags to Riches
The Plot
3. The Quest
4. Voyage and Return
The Plot
5. Comedy
6. Tragedy
7. Rebirth
NarrativesNarrativesNarrativesNarrativesWriting your own Writing your own Short StoryShort Story
Part 4Part 4
Orientation (beginning)
• The beginning provides detail to establish relationships between setting, time, major and minor characters. It sets the mood of the story.
• The author needs to ‘hook’ his/her reader right from the start, so they will want to keep reading. The easiest way to do this is to start with something already happening.
E.g. A conversation, a problem, something unexpected.
• Don’t forget a title.
Four Hook Sentences
(for your beginning)• Start with a sentence that is immediately
interesting.
• Follow it with a second sentence that keeps the reader guessing.
• Add two more short sentences. E.g. The door slammed shut! Darkness filled the room.
Their eyes began to adjust to the scene around them. A clock tick-tocked in another room.
Complication (middle)
- Keep the action going! - Use suspense, invite the reader to fill in
detail.- Provide insight into characters feelings.- Get characters solving problems, but
make sure that there is always something else they need to do.
- Build up to the biggest event or problem and leave a few clues along the way.
Resolution (ending)
- Ties elements together to draw the story towards the conclusion.
- Characters should work out (resolve) how to solve the problem/conflicts themselves. Make sure the ending fits in with the rest of the story.
- Imaginative endings.- Some narratives leaves the reader
deciding on the ending.
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