Myanmar challenges and governance disasters and the call for coordination for better disaster preparedness

WEF Nexus

Challenges and Governance

(Myanmar Context)

"Disasters and the Call for Coordination for Better Disaster Preparedness"

Zaw Naing

Mandalay Technology, Myanmar

FUTURE EARTH WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS WORKSHOP:

“Governance transformation and integrated information for the W-E-F Nexus”

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN)

Kyoto, Japan

4th - 6th April, 2016

Managing Director, Mandalay Technology Co.,Myanmar Engineering Society (MES)

Myanmar Earthquake Committee (MEC)Visiting Fellow, Center for Global Change and Earth Observation (CGCEO), Michigan State

UniversityConsultant, Global Information and

Communication Technology Department (GICT), The World Bank

Fellow Member, Consortium on Remote Sensing and Geo-information Systems for Agricultural and

Environmental Intelligence in Asia (CoRGAA)National Team Leader, Myanmar Integrated Water

Resources Management (IWRM) Study

Water for Agriculture/ Food Security

in Myanmar

Agriculture

• 37 % of GDP• 13.3% of

total export earnings

• Employing 61.2% of the total labor force

Water for Energy in Myanmar

� Hydro-Power is still the main source for Electricity

� Demand is rapidly increasing together with the development in politics and economics

Water Resources Management in

Myanmar

� National Water Resources Management Committee

� Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

Natural Disasters Threatening WEF Nexus

Natural Disasters

Disasters Threatening WEF Nexus

Water: A Source of EnergyA Source of Agriculture & FoodA Source of Disasters

Food: Basic Need of the People, Outputof Water, Impacted by Disasters

Energy: Mismanagement of Hydro-power Dams & Irrigation Dams makingthe flood and its impact worse, andmaking environmental issues

Intertwined…

Myanmar:

WEF Nexus Challenges and Governance

"Disasters and the Call for Coordination for Better

Disaster Preparedness"

� NARGIS Cyclone (2008)

� Recent flood event in Myanmar (2015)

� The response

� How geo-information was used?

� What worked, what did not?

� Response Vs. Preparedness

� Challenges and Needs

� Way Ahead

Storm-surge Flood caused by NARGIS

� Cyclone Nargis in May 2008

� About 150,000 fatalities

� 2.4 million people were affected

� Many towns and villages were flooded and destroyed.

NARGIS Cyclone 2008

Made over 2 millions people… homeless.

The “traditional”

disaster cycle

Disaster Cycle

DRR and DRM activities with Geo- and

Satellite- information (Myanmar)

� Remote Sensing Center, Mandalay Technological University (MTU), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Sub-Committee on Space Technology and Applications (SCOSA) of ASEAN, Kobe-based Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) and Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) _ Capacity Building and HRD programs for utilization of GIS and remotely sensed data for DRR.

� Myanmar Engineering Society (MES), Myanmar Geosciences Society (MGS) and related government bodies formed Myanmar Earthquake Committee (MEC) and produced seismic zonation maps (2006) of Myanmar and major cities.

� Training workshop on Seismic loss estimation using simplified and GIS-based approaches by MEC and Bangkok-based Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

� GIS and Remote Sensing Applications Training for DRR and DRM by MES and Mandalay Technology

Trainings on GIS and RS for Disaster Risk Reduction

Geospatial Technologies for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Disaster Management Support

� Disaster Risk Analysis

� Disaster Risk

Preparedness Planning

� Recovery Planning

� Disaster Management

� Post-Disaster Support

Recent Flood in Myanmar (July 2015)

Recent Flood in Myanmar (July 2015)

Recent Flood in Myanmar (July 2015)

Recent Flood in Myanmar (July 2015)

Recent Flood in Myanmar (July 2015)

Response (Air-Force)

Response (Daw Aung San Su Kyi)

Response (Daw Aung San Su Kyi)

Response (People to People)

Donation Collections for Response

Response (Fund-raising by Music Concert)

Response (Fund-raising by Music Concert)

Response (UNCERF)

Response (NGOs, INGOs, UN, etc.,)

Regional and International Cooperative mechanismswhich emphasize the use of Remote Sensing data andGIS for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and DisasterManagement Support (DMS)

o Space Based Information for Disaster Management &Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) working under UnitedNations Office of Outer Space Affairs(UNOOSA), andUNOSAT & UNITAR

o Regional Space Application (RESAP) program underauspices of UN-ESCAP(Economic & Social Commissionfor Asia & the Pacific)

o Sentinel Asia

o Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APSARF)

International Cooperative Mechanisms

Sentinel Asia

� The Sentinel Asia initiative started in 2005

� Collaboration between regional space agencies and disaster management agencies,

� Applying Remote Sensing and Web-GIS technologies to assist disaster management in the Asia-Pacific region.

� Multiple national agencies of about 25 countries in the region have joined and benefited from the disaster support services provided by Sentinel Asia.

End User

ISRO

JAXA

GISTDA

Disaster

Data Provider Node (DPN)

Product

Request

DATA

LR LR LR LR

Data Analysis Node (DAN)

Sentinel Asia Basic Structure

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

Geo-Information for Disaster Management

What worked, what did not?

1. Emergency Response worked!2. Disaster Preparedness Didn’t.

Did we do enough

Risk Assessment,

and Mitigation

and Prevention?

Recovery and

Development

Efforts???

Questions in Disaster Cycle

Challenges in Disaster

Preparedness Governance

� NEED a National Agency or Center for Disaster Preparedness

� UN & International Disaster Preparedness Organizations coordinate more with Myanmar stakeholders _ Government, Universities, share knowledge, and take active role in capacity building

� Universities � ToT

� GIS / RS Courses

� National Disaster Preparedness Center� Work together with Academic, Private, UN

and International Counterparts

Disaster Preparedness Governance Challenges & Multi-level Solutions

1. Disaster Preparedness Center2. Emergency Response Systems2. National baseline information

and imagery database with DEMand Hydraulic Models

3. Capacity Building and TrainingPrograms

4. Sustainable Land UseDevelopment Planning

5. Community Based DisasterManagement Planning

6. Real-time Access of DisasterRelated Geo-Information

More Importantly

We Need:1: Cooperation: Local, National, Regional, International 2: Cooperation: Government to Government3: Cooperation: Inter-Government4: Cooperation: Academic, Private & Public

Most Importantly

We Need:

Communication, Cooperation, Coordination and Collaboration

People to People

Let’s put the WEF Nexus into a safe environment, together!

DisastersDisasters

Disasters