Transcript
MY GRAMMAR NOTEBOOKCreated By:
Adriano Sharkasi
PART ONE: THE PREDERITE
EL PRETERITO
Yo- eTu- asteEl, ella, usted- ONosotros-amosUstedes- aron
Yo- iTu- isteEl, ella, usted-ioNosotros- imosUstedes-ieron
Ar Infinitives Er and Ir Infinitives
TRIGGER WORDS FOR THE PREDERITE
These are some trigger words or “signal” words that should tell you that the prederite form must be used they inclulde: Anoche Ayer Anteayer El ano pasado La semana pasada
CAR, GAR, AND ZAR VERBS
Infinitives that end in these endings are irregular in the yo form Car verbs end in qu, Gar verbs end in gu, and zar verbs change z to c Examples
Jugar = Jugue Tocar = Toque Empezar = Empece
SPOCK VERBS
Dar and Ver.
Hacer
Ir and Ser
SNAKE AND SNAKEY VERBS
e→i pedir preferir competir repetir servir sentir venir
Only change in the 3rd person
o→u
dormir
morir
pedi pedimos
pediste
pido pideron
SNAKEY VERBS
Includes leer and oir Use “y” in the usted and ustedes
leí leímos
leiste leísteis
leyó leyeron
CUCARACHA VERBS
Andar – Anduve Estar- Estuve Poder- Pude Poner- Puse Querer- Quise Saber- Supe Tener- Tuve Venir- Vine Conducir-Conduje Traducir- Traduje Decir- Dije Traer- Traje
PART TWO: THE IMPERFECT
THE IMPERFECT The imperfect is something that happened in the
past but was a habitual/ continual action. It differs with the preterit in that while the preterit
was a completed action, the imperfect is something that a person continually used to do
Examples I set the table last night. (Preterit) When I was a little kid, I set the table every night.
(Imperfect)
CONJUGATIONS FOR THE IMPERFECT
Ar Er and IrAbaAbasAbaAbamosAbaisAban
IaIasIaIamosIaisIan
TRIGGER WORDS FOR THE IMPERFECT
Some trigger words for the Imperfect include: Cuando era nino/nina. A menudo A veces Cada dia Con frequencia Cada ano Cada mes De vez en cuando Generalmente
IMPERFECT IRREGULARS
There are only three imperfect irregulars: Ser, Ir, and Ver.
Ir Ser Ver
Iba Era Veía
Ibas Eras Veías
Iba Era Veía
Ibamos Éramos Veíamos
Ibais Erais Veíais
Iban Eran Veían
VERBS LIKE GUSTAR
aburrir to bore fascinar to be fascinating to bastar to be sufficient importar to be important to caer bien (mal) to (not) suit interesar to be interesting to dar asco to be loathsome molestar to be a bother disgustar to hate something parecer to appear to be doler (o:ue) to be painful picar to itch encantar to "love" something quedar to be left over, remain faltar to be lacking something volver
D- description O- origin C- Characteristic T-time O-occupation R-Relationship P E-event D-date
H- E-emotion L-location P-position I N G ING= ando, iendo,
Ser Estar
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
When compareing words, One should use que
When compareing age or numbers, one should use de. Examples for Que
Roberto es mas alto que Simon Ricardo tiene mas calificaciones buenos que Rafael.
Examples for Deo El hombre tiene seis plumas mas de el chicho.
SUPERLATIVE WORDS
Superlative words are words used to describe age differece, and quality of something (better or worse than.)
These words can be used in concordance with the comparative form.
Here are some common superlative words Viejo- older Joven- younger Mejor- better Peor- worse
TRANSITIONS Transitions add flow and continuity to a text, thus
creating a better understanding to the reader. Some common Spanish tranistions include: Aunque = even though Tambien= also Por lo tanto= therefore Sin embargo= nevertheless Pero= but Mientras= contrast to A pensar de= in spite of
PART FOUR: THE FUTURE
THE FUTURE
The future tense is something that will happen.
It is one of the easiest tenses to learn, as there is no removing of the infinitive and that there are few irregulars.
CONJUGATION OF THE FUTURE TENSE
Ar , Er, and Ir verbs
EAsAEmosEisAn
FUTURE IRREGULARS
Here are some irregulars in the Future tense. Dir Har Pondre Saldr Tendr Cabr Valdr Sabr
TRIGGER WORDS FOR THE FUTURE
Here are some signal words for the future tense: Mañana En el año nuevo En el mes nuevo En la semana nuevo Despues de manana
PART FIVE: POR AND PARA
POR Por is generally used when Passing through a
place; it is more general rather than specific. Location (PORtugal) How long something lasts (PORever) The cause of something (POR’pus) An exchange (imPORt, exPORt) Doing something in place of or instead of someone
else TransPORtation
PARA
For whom something is done (PARAty) Destination (PARAguay) The purpose for which something is done
(PARAsites) To express an opinion (PARAdon me, but…) To contrast or compare To express idea of deadline (PARamedic)
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