Mutação na mobilidade urbana
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Ceacutesar Trapote Barreira
14042011
Maacutester en Desarrollo Urbano y Territorial
Mutation in Urban Mobility
2
Center for Innovation in Transport (CENIT) 2001 - 2011 10 years of innovation
Consortium Technical University of Catalonia (Barcelona Tech) + regional govmnt
CENIT
Introduction
3
Transportation projects
Introduction
4
Towards Smart Urban Mobility
Guidelines to see a clear
picture and to find our wayhellip
towards smart urban mobility
wwweltisorg
5
Economic corridors
Sustainable safe and intelligent urban mobilityndash Seamless door-to-door
mobility (regardless of mode)
ndash ldquoCityrdquo is a generic concept common mobility principles for European cities
ndash Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation
ndash Best cases eltisorg
Sustainable development is son of Economy + EcologyLove or interested marriage Technology may take leaps (non-continuous improvement of quality)
X
XXIst century will likely be characterized by urban mobility
6
Change of paradigm
Infrastructures to satisfy the mobility of
people (+goods)
Un
itco
st
Size
Demand
Supply
Critical
size
LocalGlobal
ActThink
Ley 201991
Accesibilidad Universal
en el TP Cataluntildea
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
stakeholderrsquos behavior
Rational planning with global perspective
but with local implementation (subsidiarity)
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables
administrations multimodality surveillance etc)
Economic logic
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
2
Center for Innovation in Transport (CENIT) 2001 - 2011 10 years of innovation
Consortium Technical University of Catalonia (Barcelona Tech) + regional govmnt
CENIT
Introduction
3
Transportation projects
Introduction
4
Towards Smart Urban Mobility
Guidelines to see a clear
picture and to find our wayhellip
towards smart urban mobility
wwweltisorg
5
Economic corridors
Sustainable safe and intelligent urban mobilityndash Seamless door-to-door
mobility (regardless of mode)
ndash ldquoCityrdquo is a generic concept common mobility principles for European cities
ndash Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation
ndash Best cases eltisorg
Sustainable development is son of Economy + EcologyLove or interested marriage Technology may take leaps (non-continuous improvement of quality)
X
XXIst century will likely be characterized by urban mobility
6
Change of paradigm
Infrastructures to satisfy the mobility of
people (+goods)
Un
itco
st
Size
Demand
Supply
Critical
size
LocalGlobal
ActThink
Ley 201991
Accesibilidad Universal
en el TP Cataluntildea
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
stakeholderrsquos behavior
Rational planning with global perspective
but with local implementation (subsidiarity)
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables
administrations multimodality surveillance etc)
Economic logic
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
3
Transportation projects
Introduction
4
Towards Smart Urban Mobility
Guidelines to see a clear
picture and to find our wayhellip
towards smart urban mobility
wwweltisorg
5
Economic corridors
Sustainable safe and intelligent urban mobilityndash Seamless door-to-door
mobility (regardless of mode)
ndash ldquoCityrdquo is a generic concept common mobility principles for European cities
ndash Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation
ndash Best cases eltisorg
Sustainable development is son of Economy + EcologyLove or interested marriage Technology may take leaps (non-continuous improvement of quality)
X
XXIst century will likely be characterized by urban mobility
6
Change of paradigm
Infrastructures to satisfy the mobility of
people (+goods)
Un
itco
st
Size
Demand
Supply
Critical
size
LocalGlobal
ActThink
Ley 201991
Accesibilidad Universal
en el TP Cataluntildea
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
stakeholderrsquos behavior
Rational planning with global perspective
but with local implementation (subsidiarity)
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables
administrations multimodality surveillance etc)
Economic logic
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
4
Towards Smart Urban Mobility
Guidelines to see a clear
picture and to find our wayhellip
towards smart urban mobility
wwweltisorg
5
Economic corridors
Sustainable safe and intelligent urban mobilityndash Seamless door-to-door
mobility (regardless of mode)
ndash ldquoCityrdquo is a generic concept common mobility principles for European cities
ndash Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation
ndash Best cases eltisorg
Sustainable development is son of Economy + EcologyLove or interested marriage Technology may take leaps (non-continuous improvement of quality)
X
XXIst century will likely be characterized by urban mobility
6
Change of paradigm
Infrastructures to satisfy the mobility of
people (+goods)
Un
itco
st
Size
Demand
Supply
Critical
size
LocalGlobal
ActThink
Ley 201991
Accesibilidad Universal
en el TP Cataluntildea
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
stakeholderrsquos behavior
Rational planning with global perspective
but with local implementation (subsidiarity)
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables
administrations multimodality surveillance etc)
Economic logic
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
5
Economic corridors
Sustainable safe and intelligent urban mobilityndash Seamless door-to-door
mobility (regardless of mode)
ndash ldquoCityrdquo is a generic concept common mobility principles for European cities
ndash Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation
ndash Best cases eltisorg
Sustainable development is son of Economy + EcologyLove or interested marriage Technology may take leaps (non-continuous improvement of quality)
X
XXIst century will likely be characterized by urban mobility
6
Change of paradigm
Infrastructures to satisfy the mobility of
people (+goods)
Un
itco
st
Size
Demand
Supply
Critical
size
LocalGlobal
ActThink
Ley 201991
Accesibilidad Universal
en el TP Cataluntildea
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
stakeholderrsquos behavior
Rational planning with global perspective
but with local implementation (subsidiarity)
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables
administrations multimodality surveillance etc)
Economic logic
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
6
Change of paradigm
Infrastructures to satisfy the mobility of
people (+goods)
Un
itco
st
Size
Demand
Supply
Critical
size
LocalGlobal
ActThink
Ley 201991
Accesibilidad Universal
en el TP Cataluntildea
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
stakeholderrsquos behavior
Rational planning with global perspective
but with local implementation (subsidiarity)
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables
administrations multimodality surveillance etc)
Economic logic
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
7
Urban transportation microeconomics
Social
equilibrium
flow
Current
equilibrium
flow
Flow
(vehh)
Demand
Marginal
cost (social)
Average
cost
(users) Tasa
$km
Deficit
Cmarginal
Demand
prsquoprdquo
p
RRrsquo
CAverageUnit
cost
Trips
CMe TP
CMe VP
$q(TP)$q(VP)
q(VP)q(TP)
PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
benefit the maximum number of users
We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint coupled layout operations
and pricing
PVPT
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
8
Mutation in urban mobility
ndash Democratization of the street
ndash Human cities
ndash Diversity
ndash Integration
ndash Systems approach
European cities as a social project of
integration
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
9
European cities for the people
Smart livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
The role of ICT in mobility
Bangemann Report ldquoEurope and the global information societyrdquo (Corfu 1994)
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
ldquoThe end of distancerdquo 10 million teleworks in 2000
We move atoms with energy electrons and photons
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
11
Oops Forgot the stakeholder behavior
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Multidisciplinarycross-fertilization
New demand models game
theory etc
CBA
Administration operators users citizens
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
12
Re-engineering amp systems approach
bull Innovation is doing things ldquorightrdquo
bull Intelligence ITS = R+D+ibull Known concepts (functional laws) with ldquonew chemistryrdquo (reactives
+ catalyzers) amp boosted with ICT and intelligence
=
No epicbold changes Re-engineering is radiKal
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
13
We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic researchbull False planning
bull Tracking obsession
bull A simple bottleneckndash Mobility demand
models need to be reformulated
ndash Dynamic real time micro-simulations reproduce the same (outdated) philosophy of 60rsquos
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
14
The transportation system
CONTAINER
MOTOR
WAY
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
CULTURE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERSETC
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
15
City as a complex service network
P
Microbusshared
taxicabs (DRS)
CarCar (PampR)
Car (PampP)
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
PampR P
P
Local
Accessibility
Global
Accessibility
Tram-train
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
16
Mode promiscuity amp convergence (1)
pedes-trian
bicycle car motor-cycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared public
ldquoBiCiNgrdquo carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
17
Promiscuity and convergence (2)
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
18
Promiscuity and convergence (3)
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
19
Mode adequacy (1)
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) ldquoThe transportation gapsrdquod t v
Dem
and
pedestrian bus
car
plane
Non-continuous technological supply(but continuous demand)
1 2 3 laneshellip
Play with time
(traffic signals)
multi-purpose
lanes pricinghellip
Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
20
Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Spatial coverage
Speed
Private car
MetroBus
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
21
Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quobull Individual transportation (car
motorcycle)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
bull Public transportation (metro)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel No
ndash Fast Yes
bull Public transportation (bus)
ndash When do you want to travel No
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast No
View
bull Public transportation (netbus)
ndash When do you want to travel Yes
ndash Where do you want to travel Yes
ndash Is it fast Yes
Cheaper easier and
more convenient
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
22
What is the ldquooptimalrdquo transport mode for a given corridor
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgersdia
Milio
ns
de
uro
s
Autobuacutes Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
Mode adequacy (4)
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
23
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf Infraestructure costCop Operation costCu Users costCext Cost of externalities
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
y
Bc standard bus (80 people) Ba articulated bus (140 people) Tr Tramway (220 people)
Headway (min)
Pa
sse
nge
rsp
er
da
yTr
Ba
Bc
Lines of Z=ct for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Mode adequacy (5)
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
24
The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe it was gravityhellip (Stephen Hawking)
ldquoIn the beginning of mobility it was densityrdquohellip (Francesc Robusteacute)
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
25
BRTs
ldquowe take you fasthellip to nowhererdquo
Think as a 2D network
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
26
Netbus (1)
bull Strategic vs
operational decisions
bull Flexibility of buses vs rigidity of railways
NB
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services
competitive with tramways and cars
NB B bTM R
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
27
Netbus (2)NB
Grid (Holroyd 1965) Radial or hub amp spoke (Air tr 1980rsquos) Hybrid (Daganzo 2009)
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
28
Netbus (3)NB
bull INFRASTRUCTURAL
bull OPERATIONAL
bull VEHICLE-ORIENTED
NB
bull TRAVEL TIME
ndash Bus lane (single double)
ndash Bus lane in the median of road
ndash Fluctuations smoothing (LU works garbage containers cleaning vehicles etc)
bull STOP TIME
ndash Multiple platform
ndash Platform on sidewalk
ndash Ticketing
bull JOINT OPTIMIZATION
ndash Stop spacing
ndash Pairing control
ndash Reliability
ndash Entries coordination in corridors
ndash TSP transit signal priority
Capacity is interaction supply-demand and depends on
behavior and management
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
29
Fare integration ticketing and MTA
Smartcard
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
30
CSI in transit
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
31
L9 metro line
L9 44 km 46 stations 15 interchanges
automatic euro85 billion
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
32
Traffic (1)
Network Vehicle Density
Yokohama
SFO
Nairobi
Ne
two
rk F
low
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
0
300000
600000
900000
1200000
1500000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Accumulation
Travel P
ro
du
ctio
n
Ou
tflo
w
Vehicle Accumulation
ldquoCities can regulate
congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI centuryrdquo
Speed has a
price (economic
social
environmental)
MFD of traffic in quarters (regardless of OD )
Managed lanes Congestion pricing
Integration
with parking
Pareto
optimum
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
33
Traffic (2)
Satildeo Paulo 2007
Barc
elo
na
2008
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
34
Traffic (3)
Radars amp sensors
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
35
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
Taxicabs (1)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5N
um
be
r o
f ta
xis
hourly zones of a day
Supply of the proposed measure
Current supply
Optimal supply
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supplydemand matching
Co
ste
s so
cial
es
Nuacutemero de taxis
+Emisiones
+Congestioacuten
- Nivel de vida
Nuacutemero oacuteptimo
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
36
Distribution of taxicab demand revenues and supply according to hours
Taxicabs (2)
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORAgraveRIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HORA
euro
FEINER
DISSABTE
DIUMENGE
CSI = 59
Profitability taxi businessReturn On Equity adapted to taxi owners (ldquoreasonable business profitrdquo)
The asset is the taxi license (market value)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 1942 euro 1765 euro
Number of services per hour 219 services 188 services
Average service time 1365 min 1256 min
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
37
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
SMILE project under ELTIS
(wwweltisorg) reversible
multiuse street lanes
8-10 am traffic
10 am ndash 5 pm LU
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
Lights
Zone Access Control
system in center
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
38
Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing LU
operations
ndash sticker
ldquoclockrdquo
Workdays 9 to 20 h
Except authorised
Unloading
30 min max
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
39
Customer information
Real time customer information means efficiency modernity and transparency
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
40
City planning
ldquoThe city of the futurehelliprdquo
Is the Mediterranean city
Ildefons Cerdagrave
ldquoNetwork
Urbanismrdquo
-Chamfered corners
-5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
-Shops at street level
-Sidewalks to enjoy city
Integration a social project
ldquoGeneral Theory of Urbanizationrdquo 1867
Barcelona ldquobroadeningrdquo Eixample 1859
Multipolar and ldquoself-containingrdquo City PlanningMobility Law 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility 2006
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
41
Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective OK but link to
land value
ldquoTiro por la culatardquo
ldquoDo the homeworkrdquo
Chemical reaction catalyzers critical
masses humidity temperature reactive
quality etc
Pitis
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
42
Urban street safety
Driver
Street Vehicle
Urban safety audits
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
43
TSM ndash ITS ndash Sustainable mobility
ICT Sustainable
Mobility
Eco-
mobility
TSM
TDM
TSupplyM
ITS Sustainable
Mobility
TSM Transportation System
Management
TDM Travel Demand Management
MM Mobility Management
Environmentally
responsible
Economically
competitive
Socially fair
Sustainable transportation permanent regime
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
44
Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan) de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR
European
Environmental agency
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
45
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS more than recipes just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
46
Objective give a city a ldquograderdquo about mobility and follow it
Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Attributes (some measured)
bull Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($pax-km)
minus Mobility behavior patterns
minus Land use patterns and city planning issues
bull Space distribution
bull Time distribution
bull Modal split
bull Safety
bull Reliability
bull Sustainability
bull (Energy)
bull (Emissions)
bull (ICT technology)
bull Social equity income gender MRP (universal accessibility)
bull Perception (weights from local surveys)
Policy objectives
Measure attributes
Decide some weights
Aggregate Mobility Indicator
(similar to CSI in transit)
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
47
European Parliament 2010 (under publication)
Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of bdquosoft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated efficient and dynamic (real-time) way
rather than on bdquohard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes however the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
48
2050 scenario in Europe
bull INminus Pedestrians
minus Bicycles eBicycles eBikes
minus Buses netbus proximity bus
minus Metros and commuter rails
minus eCars eFreight distribution
minus Carpool and shared vehicles
minus Managed lanes VVI IVI
minus Pricing and fare integration
minus Planning land price legislation governancehellip
minus Elderly handicapped amp MRP
minus Urban safety
bull OUTminus Segways
minus Kickbicycles tricycles
minus Motorcycles with 3 wheels
minus Lean cars
minus PRT AGT monorails
minus Trolley buses
minus Paratransit with microbuses
minus AMW moving walkways
minus Freight in tramways metros
minus Speed
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
49
Barcelona model (1)
ldquoBarcelona modelrdquo of mobility (2006)
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
50
Barcelona model (2)
bullSocial integration ldquoGaixamplerdquo (Gay Eixample)
bullNetwork thinking use the grid and kill the diagonals
bullRecuperate public space taking it from cars broadening
of sidewalks reduce number of lanes (after public works) etc
bullMore squares boulevards amp meeting points for people
bullEach decade a ldquomissionrdquo or huge project Olympics
1992 Forum of cultures 2004 22 2010 Sagrera 2020
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
51
Barcelona model (3)
bull Promote PT metro (L9+L10 expansions of the others)
tramways buses (RetBus conventional microbuses)
bull Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
bull Quality city planning elements
bull Public logistics platforms
bull Innovation multi-purpose lanes carsharing etc
bull Parking (on-street amp off-street) regulation and pricing
bull Do not segregate but integrate down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig) infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
bull Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
bull Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
52
Intrsquol Bicycle-sharing
City Area (Km2)
Population (million)
Stations Bicycles Performance
Barcelona 101 16 401 6000 Good service
London 1572 76 315 5000 Low coverage
San Francisco 121 08 50 1000To be
implemented
Washington 177 52 10 120Itrsquos just thebeginning
Montreal 365 16 400 5000Good coverage
Weather
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
53
Intrsquol Segregated lanes
BL
IPB
LIPBUS
BUS
BL
IP
BLIP or IBL
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
54
Intrsquol Combo
iBUS -
mBUS
Smartcard
Congestion Charge in London
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
55
Vision and leadership
Source Mikel Murga MIT who adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J RobertsHarvard School of Public Health
COACH
POETPROPHET
THERAPIST
R+D+i
Time
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
56
CENIT books on Urban Mobility
URBAN MOB ILITY
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
57
Conclusions
bull ldquoPackage of soft management measuresrdquo in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard physical infrastructures of ldquotechnology driven innovationsrdquo
bull Re-engineering of current mobility services
bull Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
bull Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
bull Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
bull Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain
bull Need ldquofunctionalrdquo laws and governance in mobility
bull Democratize street public space
Gracias por su atencioacuten
Gracias por su atencioacuten
top related